KIDNAPING 



3237 



KIEL 



he had secured during his unlawful career and 

 had buried on Gardiner's Island, N. Y., was 

 secured by the Colonial authorities in 1699. 

 For many years tales of still greater buried 

 treasure which the authorities had failed to find 

 stirred men's imaginations, but eventually at- 

 tempts to find it ceased. The adventures of 

 Captain Kidd inspired many romances, notably 

 Poe's The Gold Bug, and Robert Louis Steven- 

 son's Treasure Island. 



KIDNAPING, kid' nap ing, also spelled KID- 

 NAPPING, is the name commonly applied to the 

 act of taking possession of a person without his 

 consent, or the consent of one who has authority 

 over him, and of depriving him of his freedom. 

 The word originated with the slang words kid, 

 referring to a child, and nab, a low term for 

 to steal. Formerly it was applied to children 

 only, but now is used also in cases where 

 adults are kidnaped. ' Merely enticing an 

 adult person with flowery promises does not 

 constitute a crime, but making him incapable 

 of using his will power or deceiving him as to 

 the purpose in transporting him and detaining 

 him without his consent makes the act a crime, 

 which is punishable by imprisonment for from 

 ten to twenty-five years. Practically all civi- 

 lized countries have passed laws defining the 

 meaning of kidnaping and imposing penalties 

 for the punishment of those convicted of this 

 crime. See ABDUCTION. 



KIDNEYS, kid'niz, two large filter glands 

 located in the small of the back, one on either 

 side of the backbone. They extend downward 

 from the eleventh rib to the highest point of 

 the hip bones, the right kidney being placed a 

 little lower than the left, to make room for 

 the liver. The function is to separate from the 

 blood urea and other waste materials which are 

 excreted from the body in the form of urine. 

 Blood is carried to the kidneys through the 

 renal artery, and returns to the heart through 

 the renal vein and the lower vena cava. Two 

 small tubes about the size of the quill of a 

 crow's feather, the ureters, carry the waste 

 matter from the kidneys to the bladder, a large 

 oval pouch lying low in the pelvis. Urine is 

 expelled from the bladder through the uretha. 



These important filtering organs are shaped 

 much like beans, with the concave or de- 

 pressed side of each inward and the convex 

 side outward. They are about four inches long, 

 two and one-half inches wide and one and 

 one-half inches thick, and are purplish-brown 

 in color. Each contains a network of tiny 

 blood vessels which are twined around millions 



of kidney tubes; the cells of these tubes have 

 the power to separate the urea and other waste 

 matters from the blood. 



Diseases of the Kidneys. As the kidneys in 

 health pour out from three to four pints of 

 urine every day, anything that interferes with 



CROSS SECTION OP A KIDNEY AND LOCA- 

 TION OF THE KIDNEYS 



(a) Branch of renal 



artery 

 (6) Ureter 



(c) Renal calyx 



(d) Kidney 

 (e). Spleen 



(/) Liver 



(</) Aorta 



(7i) Vena Cava 



(i) Ascending Colon 



(j) Descending Colon 



their work of excretion is liable to cause an 

 accumulation of poisons in the body. Diseases 

 of the kidneys are therefore a matter of grave 

 concern. Sometimes these organs become dis- 

 eased because of failure of the skin to take 

 care of its work of excretion; as a result the 

 kidneys have an extra amount of labor thrown 

 upon them. Every person should help the 

 kidneys do their work by keeping the pores 

 of the skin clean and healthy. The germs of 

 various infectious diseases, including scarlet 

 and typhoid fevers, tuberculosis and grippe, are 

 an important source of kidney trouble and may 

 cause such dangerous ailments as Bright's dis- 

 ease. The habitual use of alcohol also has a 

 harmful effect on these organs. W.A.E. 



Related Subjects. A wider view of the im- 

 portance of the kidneys will be obtained by refer- 

 ence to the following articles in these volumes : 



Baths and Bathing Gout 



Bright's Disease Urine 



Circulation of the Blood 



KIEL, keel, before 1918 the most important 

 naval center of Germany, the headquarters of 

 the German Baltic fleet and the chief town 

 of the province of Schleswig-Holstein. It 

 is about fifty-three miles northeast of Ham- 

 burg, on the Bay of Kiel, an arm of the Bal- 

 tic Sea. It consists of a somewhat cramped 

 old town and a better built and more spacious 

 newer part; the port and its approaches are 

 very strongly fortified. The city carries on an 



