KILN 



3239 



KINCARDINE 



southward. It is so named from its plaintive 

 note resembling kill dee, kill dee. It is a noisy, 

 restless bird, and while nesting takes fright and 

 screams at the slightest sound. To attract at- 

 tention to itself and away from its nest it will 

 feign lameness, and go limping along, dragging 

 one wing. See PLOVER. 



KILN, kit, or kiln. See BRICK AND BRICK- 

 LAYING; CHINA PAINTING. 



KIL'OGRAM, a standard of mass in the 

 French system of weights and measures, equal 

 to 1,000 grams, or approximately 2.2 pounds. 

 The metric system of weights is now the 

 standard in many countries of Europe and in 



EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS 



most of the countries of the two Americas. In 

 the United States and Canada it is still con- 

 fined almost exclusively to scientific work, al- 

 though it is used largely in the collection of 

 customs duties. See METRIC SYSTEM, for ex- 

 tended comparisons. 



KILOGRAMMETER , kil o gram ' me ter, a 

 unit of measurement in the metric system. It 

 is the measure of the work done in raising one 

 kilogram of matter (2.2 Ibs.) one meter (about 

 39 inches) against the force of gravity, and is 

 equal to about 7.233 foot pounds, a foot pound 

 being the work done in raising a one-pound 

 weight one foot against the force of gravity. 

 Except in the scientist's laboratory the kilo- 

 grammeter is not used to any extent in Amer- 

 ica. See METRIC SYSTEM. 



KIL'OMETER, one thousand meters in the 

 French system of measurement, each meter 

 representing practically 39.37 inches. It is 

 equal to three-fifths of a statute mile, less 

 nineteen feet and eleven inches. In the United 

 States and Can- 

 ada the term was I Mile 

 once confined 

 largely to scien- 

 tific writings, but 

 is now encoun- 



Kilometer 



COMPARATIVE 

 DISTANCES 



tered with some frequency in newspapers and 

 other works of an unscientific character. Espe- 

 cially after the outbreak of the War of the 

 Nations in 1914 did the word assume impor- 

 tance to readers of newspapers, for the rate 

 of advance or retreat of armies was announced 



in kilometers instead of miles. AM. advance 

 of ten kilometers meant practically six miles. 

 See METER; METRIC SYSTEM. 



KILOWATT, kil'owaht, the practical unit 

 of measurement of electrical energy, in uni- 

 versal use even in such countries as have not 

 elsewhere adopted the metric system. The 

 kilowatt equals 1,000 watts, a current being 

 said to have a power of one watt when the 

 pressure is one volt and the flow one ampere. 

 It requires 746 watts to equal a horse power, 

 and consequently the larger unit, the kilowatt, 

 is the one commonly employed in practical 

 work. The electric unit was named in honor 

 of James Watt, a Scotch engineer who did 

 much to perfect the steam engine. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 



Ampere 

 Electricity 



Volt 

 Watt 



KILPATRICK, HUGH JUDSON (1836-1881), an 

 American soldier who won distinction as a cav- 

 alry leader during the War of Secession. He 

 was born on a farm in New Jersey, was gradu- 

 ated from West Point in 1861 and immediately 

 became captain in a New York "zouave" regi- 

 ment. In the second Battle of Bull Run and 

 at Gettysburg he was especially conspicuous 

 for daring and for skill, and meanwhile he 

 conducted a number of cavalry raids. During 

 Sherman's march to the sea Kilpatrick rendered 

 efficient aid in guarding his communications, 

 and for this and other services he was advanced 

 to the rank of major-general in the regular 

 army. After the war he was minister to Chile. 



KIMBERLEY, kim'berli, a town in South 

 Africa, capital of Griqualand West, in the 

 province of Cape of Good Hope, which owes 

 its prosperity and existence to the mining of 

 diamonds, which began in 1870. It is situated 

 647 miles northeast of Cape Town. Diamonds 

 to the value of over $300,000,000 have been 

 mined around Kimberley. During the South 

 African War the town was besieged by the 

 Boers for 123 days, from October 15, 1899, until 

 February 15, 1900, when it was relieved by 

 General Sir John. French. Population, 1911, 

 29,500. See DIAMOND. 



KINCAR'DINE, a town in Bruce County, 

 Ontario, which by reason of its climate and its 

 picturesque location on Lake Huron has be- 

 come a popular summer resort. Its population 

 in 1911 was 1,956, but this is largely increased 

 during the summer months. ' The town has a 

 pork-packing plant and manufactories of timber 

 products and steel products. 



