LAMPMAN 



LANCASTER 



lion of such materials as coal or wood tar, 

 pitch, petroleum, resin, etc. These substances 

 are burned in brick furnaces or in cast-iron 

 vessels; the dense smoke which results passes 

 through a flue into the settling chambers, 

 where the soot is' deposited. Lampblack is 

 used chiefly in the manufacture of paints and 

 printers' ink. for which purposes the crude 

 product is satisfactory ; for India ink, the puri- 

 fied soot is preferred. See CARBON; INDIA INK. 



LAMPMAN, ARCHIBALD (1861-1899), a Cana- 

 dian poet whose lyrics have placed him in the 

 front rank of nineteenth-century writers. Un- 

 fortunately his life was cut short when he was 

 just beginning to win popularity, yet his work 

 had continued to win recognition. Lampman 

 was born at Morpeth, Kent County, Ontario, 

 and was a descendant of United Empire Loyal- 

 ists, of German extraction, who emigrated from 

 Pennsylvania at the beginning of the Revolu- 

 tionary War. ' Soon after his graduation (1882) 

 from Trinity College, at Toronto, he entered 

 the government service at Ottawa, which there- 

 after remained his home. In his college days 

 lie had begun to write verses, but it was not 

 until 1888 that he issued his first volume. 

 Among the Millet and Other Poems and Lyrics 

 of Earth are collections of his poems which ap- 

 peared during his lifetime. After his untimely 

 death his friend and fellow-poet, Duncan 

 Campbell Scott, edited a complete edition of 

 his Poems. Examples of his verse may be 

 found in the Oxford Book of Canadian Verse. 



LAMPREY, lam'pri, an eellike fish, with a 

 long, slender body and smooth, scaleless skin. 

 The mouth is a sucking organ, provided with 

 horny teeth by which lampreys attach them- 

 selves to living fishes and suck their blood. 

 They also feed on insects and worms. The 

 brook, or mud, lamprey* about eight inches 

 long and bluish-black, is found in lakes and 

 brooks from New York to Minnesota and 

 Kentucky. The sea lamprey of the European 

 and Mediterranean coasts is dark brown in 

 color, mottled with black, and attains a length 

 of three feet. It follows the shad up the rivers 

 to spawn in fresh water in the spring, returning 

 to the sea in the autumn. A little blood 

 poured into the water inhabited by lampreys 

 soon attracts them to the spot, and they may 

 then be caught in traps, like eels. 



LANCASTER, OHIO, the county seat of 

 Fairfield County, is situated southeast of the 

 geographical center of the state, thirty-one 

 miles southeast of Columbus, on the Hocking 

 River and the Hocking Canal. The Pennsyl- 



vania (C. A. and C. Division) and the Hock- 

 ing Valley railroads serve the city; the Scioto 

 Valley Traction Company connects with Co- 

 lumbus. In 1910 the population was 13,093; it 

 had increased to 15,670 in 1916 (Federal esti- 

 mate). The area of the city is a little loss 

 than four square miles. 



Lancaster is located in a fertile valley and 

 is the farming center of Fairfield County. 

 Near the center of the city Mount Pleasant 

 rises to an elevation of 200 feet, and surround- 

 ing it are seventy acres of the county agri- 

 cultural grounds, which are used as a park. 

 On another eminence stands the county court- 

 house. The city has a $75,000 Federal build- 

 ing, the Sherman Armory, the state industrial 

 school for boys, Crawfis Institute, a commercial 

 school, a high school and a library. Lancaster 

 is extensively engaged in the manufacture of 

 shoes, 1,200 people being employed in these 

 factories. In addition, there are glass facto- 

 ries, carbon works, farm implement plants, 

 rubber-tire and lens 'factories. The shops of 

 the Pennsylvania Railroad are also located 

 here. 



Lancaster was founded in 1800 by Ebenezer 

 Zane. It was incorporated as a village in 1831. 

 and in 1851 as a city of the third class. Some 

 of the early settlers came from Lancaster, Pa., 

 and they decided to build their new city un- 

 der the name of the old home. The growth 

 of the city began in 1900 with the develop- 

 ment of the natural gas fields in the vicinity, 

 and it increased after 1907 when petroleum was 

 discovered near by. C.H.S. 



LANCASTER, PA., the county seat of Lan- 

 caster County, is an important commercial 

 city and educational center in the southeast- 

 ern part of the state. The population, which 

 is almost entirely American, was 47,227* in 1910 

 and 50,853 in 1916 (Federal estimate). The 

 area of the city exceeds four square miles. It 

 is surrounded by many smaller towns, with 

 which it is connected by more than a dozen 

 interurban electric lines. It is on Conestoga 

 Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, 

 and is served by the Pennsylvania and the 

 Philadelphia & Reading railroads. Philadel- 

 phia is sixty-nine miles east, New York City 

 is 159 miles northeast, and Harrisburg, the 

 state capital, is thirty-six miles northwest. 



Industries. Lancaster is situated in a rich 

 agricultural country. The largest crops are 

 wheat and tobacco. The cigars and tobacco 

 manufactured in the city every year are val- 

 ued at more than $2,000,000. The city is 



