LANDS 



3310 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



governments, each of which retained its portion 

 when incorporated into the Dominion. The 

 only exception is in British Columbia, where 

 the Dominion government owns a strip twenty 

 miles wide on 



each side of the 

 Canadian Pacific 

 Railway, and a 

 tract of 3,500,000 

 acres on the 

 Peace River. 

 T h e o r e t i - 

 c a 1 1 y "Crown 

 lands" are the 

 property of the 

 king, as in feudal 

 lays, but actually 

 they belong to 

 the people and 

 are administered 

 by their govern- 

 ment. 



The policj- of 

 the Dominion 

 government has 

 been to promote 

 the proper set- 

 tlement of its HOW TO LOCATE A FARAI 



lands La reo Tlie u PP el> diagram shows 

 is. .Udlge a regularly laid . out township 



areas have been of thirty-six square miles, or 



, sections, each containing 640 



given to assist acres- The lower diagram 



,*ilnd construe- ygSST^Sf $*&*% 



(ion, and millions How many acres in this SW 

 of acres of agri- * of the NW % ? 

 cultural land have been granted to settlers un- 

 der the terms described in the article HOME- 

 STF.M) LAWS. To the provincial governments 

 1 1 :ive been ceded sections eleven and twenty- 

 nine in each township to be sold for public 

 school funds. The Dominion reserves all oil 

 and mineral rights on land given to settlers. 

 Thf-se rights and tin- privileges of grazing or 

 cutting timber on unsettled land are leased to 

 individuals or companies. Large tracts of land 

 have been sold to irrigation companies. 



The amount of hind still in the possession of 

 i he Dominion government on January 1. 1915. 

 ;ind available for cultivation, i* shown by the 

 following table: 



There were also 2,457,000 acres in Alberta. 

 15,500 in Manitoba and 1,922,000 in Saskatche- 

 wan leased for grazing, which may later be 

 available for settlement. 



Administration of Public Laud*. All lands 

 in the control of the Dominion are in charge 

 of a branch of the Department of the Interior, 

 at the head of which is a Commissioner whose 

 salary is $4,000 a year. A number of land 

 agents are located in the four provinces in 

 which the lands are situated. 



Canadian townships are surveyed in thirty- 

 six sections, like those in the United States 

 except that numbering begins at the southeast 

 corner and finishes at the northeast corner (see 

 the illustration above, of a township in the 

 United States). The international boundary is 

 taken as the base line, from which townships 

 are numbered. W.F.Z. 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING, or LAND- 

 SCAPE ARCHITECTURE, is the art of chang- 

 ing the natural surroundings of any place so as 

 to produce the most artistic results. The 

 architect may build a beautiful house, but if it 

 is in the midst of a barren prairie the effect is 

 not pleasing. The gardener, on the other hand, 

 may lay out his garden according to a plan 

 which totally disregards the house or its sur- 

 roundings. It is the business of the landscape 

 gardener or landscape architect to create a har- 

 mony in the landscape. If the architect has 

 built a house which seems out of place, the 

 landscape architect should change the sur- 

 roundings so that the building seems natur- 

 ally a part of the landscape. The work of 

 an artist in landscape gardening is essentially 

 like that of the landscape painter, for they 

 both deal with perspective, mass, shadow 

 and other principles. The painter, however, is 

 handicapped, for he only creates a counterfeit 

 in two dimensions, whereas the landscape gar- 

 dener creates the picture in three dimensions. 

 The gardener actually puts a hedge, a tree, a 

 flower bed or a fountain where he thinks it 

 looks best, but the painter can only repro- 

 duce it on a flat surface. 



Landscape gardeners are concerned not 

 merely with small houses in cities, but with 

 country homes, both large and small, with 



