LAND'S END 



3312 



LANG 



in- i lie M-cond period of his long career he 

 constantly attempted, usually with remarkable 

 success, to associate human sentiments with 

 them. Many admirers feel that Landseers 

 best work is Suspense, which shows a dog 

 watching at the closed door of his wounded 

 master. The Old Shepherd's Chief Mourner 

 is another favorite, as are also A Distinguished 

 Member of the Humane Society; The Cat's 

 Paw; High Life and Low Life; The Illicit 

 Whisky Still; The Monarch of the Glen, a 

 splendid buck against a background of moun- 

 tains; The Stag at Bay, cornered by a wolf; 

 and Eos, a portrait of the Prince Consort's 

 favorite greyhound. The Connoisseurs is a 

 portrait of himself and his two favorite dogs. 



Landseer's paintings are very numerous. He 

 worked with amazing rapidity, turning out fin- 

 ished sketches in a few hours, and in the 

 course of his lifetime he finished thousands 

 of paintings. His work won general recogni- 

 tion; he was elected to the Royal Academy, 

 was knighted in 1850 and was paid enormous 

 fees. Much of his popularity with the general 

 public was due to his brother Thomas (1795- 

 1880), who reproduced many of his paintings 

 is steel engravings. 



Consult Sweetser's Landseer, in "Artist Biog- 

 raphies:" Man.son's Makers of British Art. 



LAND'S END, a cape in Cornwall, the 

 westernmost point of England, which marks 

 the entrance to the English Channel and is 

 the last point of land seen by voyagers out 

 of the Channel when starting westward across 

 the Atlantic Ocean. It ends in granite cliffs, 

 Hxty to a hundred feet high, fantastically 

 carved by the water. The vicinity is noted for 

 line cliff scenery. 



Dangerous reefs lie off the coast, one rocky 

 islet being marked by the* Longships lighthouse, 

 a mile from the mainland. Tin is found in the 

 vicinity, and the point is celebrated for one 

 of the natural rocking stones of the kingdom, 

 known as the Lojian stone, weighing over sixty 

 tuns. 



LANDSTURM, luhn.t .'stoornt, from a Ger- 

 man word roughly meaning a /am/'.s alarm, is 

 :i term applied to the fourth, and last, division 

 of the German and Austrian a nines, consisting 

 of men who have reached their thirty-ninth year 

 and have passed through active, reserve and 

 landwehr service, after which they are released 

 from further military obligations, except in 

 case of dire need in time of war. The land.- 

 xlunn is the last branch called out in a war 

 levy. In the War of the Nations, which be- 



gan in 1914, tin: JandMiirm. while not on the 

 firing line, rendered good service in guarding 

 roads, bridges and military supplies. See LANU- 

 WEIIR. 



LANDWEHR, latutt ' i.'ayr. a term derived 

 from the German, meaning /am/ d<-jchxt , \> 

 applied to militia for use in emergencies in 

 Germany. Austria and Switzerland. It is not 

 called into actual field service except in time 

 of war. It corresponds roughly to the militia 

 of the United States, except that service is 

 compulsory. 



The German landwehr consists of about 600,- 

 000 men, who in war are called out in two 

 levies; the first takes the place of the regu- 

 lar army reserves, and the second does gar- 

 rison duty. This branch of military service 

 \vas first organized in 1813 by a royal edict, 

 for the national defense of Prussia, and was 

 extended to the empire of Germany in 1871. 

 A German conscript, or enrolled soldier, com- 

 pletes his service in the landwehr at the age 

 of thirty-nine, and is then transferred to the 

 landsturm for service until his forty-fifth year. 

 In the wars with Austria and France, as well 

 as in the War of the Nations, which broke: 

 out in 1914, the landwehr proved an effective 

 force. See LANDSTURM. 



LANFRANC, Ian' jrahngk (?1005-1089). a 

 churchman and scholar and the first archbishop 

 of Canterbury after the Norman conquest. He 

 \vas born at Pavia, Italy, studied law in his 

 native city, and in 1039, in the hope of achiev- 

 ing greater distinction, he went to France. 

 There he founded a school of law at Avranches, 

 Normandy, which soon became one of the best 

 known in Europe. In 1042 he entered the 

 Benedictine monastery at Bee, of which he be- 

 came prior in 1045. In 1066 he left Bee. and 

 as a reward for obtaining the Papal consent to 

 the marriage of William of Normandy to his 

 cousin, was appointed abbot of a new monas- 

 tery at Caen. Following William's conquest of 

 England Lanfranc was appointed by him in 

 1070 to the archbishopric of Canterbury. He 

 acted as regent of the kingdom during Wil- 

 liam's absence from the country and played 

 an important part in religious and civil affairs. 

 His writings include Commentaries on the. 

 Epistles of Saint Paul, A Treatise Against Ber- 

 enger and some interesting sermons and letters. 

 LANG, ANDREW (1844-1912), a versatile 

 writer who did many things well but who pro- 

 duced no single work of unusual merit, was 

 born in Selkirk, Scotland. He collaborated 

 with Professor Butcher on an excellent version 



