LARKSVILLE 



3336 



LARYNX 



spur, and the other five being grown together. 

 The petals, too, are irregular in form. About 

 100 species have been described, many of which 

 have been cultivated as ornamental plants. The 

 flowers are blue, 

 white or pink. One 

 species grows in 

 great profusion in 

 California. Some 

 species are consid- 

 ered poisonous, cat- 

 tle and horses be- 

 ing most susceptible, 

 and many cases of 

 larkspur poison have 

 been reported from 

 the Western ranges. 

 Sheep are practically 

 immune. A species 

 cultivated in Europe, 

 containing several 

 alkaloids, is used for 

 medicinal purposes. 



LARKSVILLE, PA., 

 a borough in Lu- 

 zerne County, in the 

 northwestern section 

 of the state, situated 

 three miles north- 

 west of Wilkes- 

 Barre and on the 

 Susquehanna River. 

 It is located in the LARKSPUR 



heart of a rich anthracite-coal field and in the 

 midst of beautiful mountain scenery. Larks- 

 ville is distinctly a mining town, having almost 

 no industrial interests beyond coal mining. An 

 interurban railway is in operation between this 

 point and adjacent cities and towns. In 1910 

 the population was 9,288. The area of the 

 borough is nearly five square miles. 



LARVA, lahr'va. In the life history of 

 many small creatures, the first form of life 



dfiWBBSJr* 



K VVTvrT^-r-v^ ; JpViv \ 



ii&L 



LARVAE 



(a) Butterfly; (b) beetle; (c) mosquito; (d) 

 frog. 



which appears from the egg is vastly different 

 from the parent. In that early stage it is called 

 a larva, which is a Latin word meaning 



specter or mask. The plural form of the word 

 is larvae. The term is used in the sense that 

 the creature in that stage hides, or masks, the 

 real character of the finally perfect individual. 

 It was first applied to insects only, but now 

 also covers the early form of any animal in 

 which there is little resemblance to the parent. 

 For example, the tadpole is the larva of the 

 frog. The larva of a moth or a butterfly is 

 called a caterpillar; that of a fly is called a 

 maggot; that of a beetle is known as a grub. 



The principal duty of a larva is to eat and 

 grow, and in so doing considerable harm is 

 done to vegetation by certain species. At dif- 

 ferent points in their development larvae out- 

 grow their skins and shed them. Finally some 

 enter what is known as the pupa, or the chrys- 

 alis, stage, from which they at last emerge in 

 their true forms. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Butterfly Frog 



Caterpillar Insect 



Chrysalis Metamorphosis 



LARYNGITIS, larinji'tis. This term, like 

 all medical terms ending in itis, signifies an in- 

 flammation in this case, of the voice box, or 

 larynx. Laryngitis is always accompanied by 

 by more or less hoarseness and cough, the lat- 

 ter caused by tickling or irritation. The 

 hoarseness may continue for a short time only, 

 as in public speakers who use the voice much, 

 and often incorrectly, or it may be persistent 

 or chronic hoarseness, which exists in consump- 

 tion and syphilis of the larynx. Between these 

 two are all grades of severity, and the causes 

 are many and varied. 



The healthy throat may be overworked and 

 ready to become inflamed by a cold; the voice 

 may be overtaxed, as in public speaking; the 

 throat may be irritated by alcoholic beverages, 

 tobacco, condiments, like pepper and vinegar, 

 inhalation of dust, gas or vapor, as a neces- 

 sary accompaniment of one's occupation. As a 

 result of these conditions ulcerations are formed 

 on the throat. 



Whenever a condition of hoarseness persists 

 over a week, the victim should at once consult 

 a reliable physician. S.C.B. 



LARYNX, lar'ingks, an organ of the body, 

 boxlike in shape and composed of nine sections 

 of cartilage. By it the voice is produced. It 

 lies above the windpipe, between that tube and 

 the hyoid bone. Of the cartilages which com- 

 pose the larynx the most important are the 

 thyroid and the cricoid. The former consists 



