LA TUQUE 



3343 



LAUNDRY 



authorities) by the Mormons proper, while 

 they retort in kind by applying the name 

 "Brighamites" to the Utah Church. The Re- 

 organized Church has a membership of over 

 65,000 communicants, and 1,700 ministers. Its 

 present head is Frederick Smith, grandson of 

 Joseph Smith. See MORMONS. M.M.B. 



LA TUQUE, lahtook', a town in Cham- 

 plain County, Quebec, on the right bank of 

 the Saint Maurice River, at its confluence 

 with the Bostonnais River. La Tuque is about 

 eighty-five miles directly northwest of the city 

 of Quebec; by rail the distance is 118 miles 

 via the Canadian Northern and 130 miles via 

 the Transcontinental Railway. La Tuque is 

 the terminus of a branch of the former anc} 

 is on the main line of the latter. The town 

 is in a lumbering region, and is known for its 

 large saw and pulp mills. The town hall and 

 the Roman Catholic convent and college are 

 worthy of mention. Population in 1911, 2,934; 

 in 1916, about 3,200. 



LAUD, lawd, WILLIAM (1573-1645), an Eng- 

 lish prelate who is remembered chiefly for his 

 severity against the Puritans during the reign 

 of Charles I. Shortly after his ordination to 

 the priesthood, in 1601, he openly displayed 

 his contempt for Puritanism, and when, after 

 rising steadily through several high Church 

 positions, he was made Archbishop of Canter- 

 bury (1633) by Charles I, he cooperated with 

 the king in every possible way to force the 

 Puritan dissenters to conform to the estab- 

 lished forms of worship. Proceeding against 

 them by means of fines, imprisonment and 

 exile, he won the bitter hatred not only of 

 the people as a whole, but of Parliament. His 

 course of tyranny was finally checked when he 

 attempted to force upon the Scotch the forms 

 of worship prescribed by the English Church. 

 In 1641 he was arrested and sent to the Tower, 

 and two years later was condemned to death 

 by Parliament on a charge of treason and 

 other crimes. In January, 1645, h,e was be- 

 headed. 



LAUDANUM, law'danum, a powerful and 

 dangerous fluid preparation, containing forty- 

 eight grains of opium to the ounce. The name 

 is derived from the Greek ledanon, meaning 

 resinous juice or gum of a certain shrub. It 

 is prepared by softening powdered opium in 

 alcohol and straining off the liquid portion. 

 In color it is a dark brownish-red, and the 

 odor is that of opium. It is all too frequently 

 administered as a domestic remedy for pain 

 or sleeplessness by those ignorant of its power. 



Extreme caution should be taken in giving it 

 to infants for its soothing effects, as very small 

 doses have been known to prove fatal. A per- 

 son who has taken an overdose of laudanum 

 should be given an emetic, or the drug should 

 be expelled with a stomach pump. Artificial 

 respiration is often resorted to in desperate 

 cases. Walking people about and giving them 

 strong coffee as a stimulant are other helpful 

 remedies. At the present time morphine and 

 codeine are frequently used as substitutes for 

 laudanum.. For restrictions regarding distribu- 

 tion of drugs derived from opium, in the United 

 States and Canada, see OPIUM. W.A.E. 



LAUGHING GAS. See NITROUS OXIDE. 



LAUGH 'LIN, JAMES LAURENCE (1850- ), 

 an American economist, born at Deerfield, 

 Ohio. He was educated at Harvard and the 

 University of Geissen, Germany, and from 

 1878 to 1887 was connected with the depart- 

 ment of political economy at Harvard Uni- 

 versity. In the latter year he became president 

 of the Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance 

 Company at Philadelphia. In 1890, however, 

 he returned to university work as professor 

 of political economy at Cornell and two years 

 later entered upon his most important work 

 as head of the department of political economy 

 at the University of Chicago. He is one of 

 the most accurate economic investigators in 

 America and has done valuable work in apply- 

 ing the principles of his subject to modern 

 conditions and needs. In 1894 he prepared the 

 plan for the present financial system of San 

 Domingo, served as a member of the Monetary 

 Commission appointed by the National Mone- 

 tary Convention in 1897 and as a member of 

 the Pan-American Scientific Congress in 1909. 

 In 1913 he was frequently consulted by the 

 framers of the Federal Reserve Bank Act, and 

 his advice was followed in many provisions of 

 the finished bill. He has made a special study 

 of finance, and has written such valuable books 

 on the subject as The History of Bimetallism 

 in the United States, Prices Since 1873, Facts 

 about Money and The Principles of Money. 

 Other important works are The Elements of 

 Political Economy, a textbook, and Industrial 

 America. 



LAUNDRY, lawn'dri, a room or building 

 where clothes are washed and ironed, or an 

 establishment where such work is carried on 

 as a business. This article deals only with the 

 steam laundry, an establishment of rather re- 

 cent origin which has become industrially im- 

 portant in all civilized countries. 



