LAUZON 



3348 



LAVAL UNIVERSITY 



in the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, her 

 knowledge of which was later of untold value 

 to her. In 1895 she became an editorial writer 

 on the Manitoba Free Press, at Winnipeg, and 

 after 1897 was a frequent contributor to other 

 Canadian and American newspapers and jour- 

 nals. Her first important book, Lords oj the 

 North, appeared in 1900, and was followed at 

 irregular intervals by Heralds oj Empire; 

 Pathfinders oj the West; Vikings oj the Pa- 

 cific; The Conquest oj the Great Northwest 

 and Freebooters oj the Wilderness. One of her 

 later books is entitled Through Our Unknown 

 Southwest, the Wonderland oj the United 

 States. 



eral minerals in solution in the molten mat- 

 ter. When lava cools these crystallize as they 

 become solid, therefore rocks formed from 

 lava are usually crystalline (see CRYSTALLINE 

 ROCKS). If cooled rapidly lava forms a com- 

 pact rock; if cooled slowly, it becomes a 

 porous rock, brittle and easily crumbled. We 

 usually associate lava beds with volcanoes, but 

 in past geologic ages great quantities of lava 

 were forced up between other layers of rock. 

 In volcanic regions lava beds are found on the 

 sides and at the base of the volcanoes. The 

 regions around Mount Vesuvius in Italy, 

 Mount Etna in Sicily, and the Hawaiian Is- 

 lands contain lava beds of recent formation. 



LAVA FORMATIONS 



At left, grotesque shapes on a mountain side ; at right, lava, as it flowed through the streets of a 

 mountain village, destroying everything in its path. 



No lava flowed from Vesuvius, for instance, 

 until the year 1066. See VOLCANO. 



LAVAL, lavahl', UNIVERSITY (in French, 

 UNIVERSITB LAVAL), a leading Canadian Roman 

 Catholic institution for higher education. The 

 university was founded in 1852 by the Semi- 

 nary of Quebec, itself an institution established 

 as a training school for priests by Bishop Laval 

 in 1668. The seminary is still flourishing. The 

 university received its charter, signed by Queen 

 Victoria, in 1852, and was recognized by a Papal 

 bull of Pope Pius IX in 1872. There are four 

 faculties theology, law, medicine and the arts. 

 Under the terms of its charter, the Roman 

 Catholic archbishop of Quebec is the Visitor 

 and Chancellor of the University ,. and appoints 

 professors in the faculty of theology. A uni- 

 versity council, composed of the directors of 

 the Seminary and the three senior professors of 

 each faculty, nominates all other members of 

 the faculty. The Superior of the Seminary is 



LAUZON, lozoN' , a town in Levis County, 

 Quebec, on the south bank of the Saint Law- 

 rence River, two miles northeast of Levis and 

 about five miles east of the city of Quebec. It 

 is on the Intercolonial and Quebec Central 

 railways, and also has connection with Levis 

 by electric tramway. Lauzon's factories make 

 window blinds, trunks and valises, boxes and 

 aerated waters. There are two large dry docks, 

 and shipbuilding and repairing is an impor- 

 tant industry. The town was named for Jean 

 de Lauzon (1582-1666), at one time president 

 of the Hundred Associates, owner of the island 

 of Montreal, and from 1651 to 1656 governor 

 of New France. Population in 1911, 3,978; in 

 1916, about 4,200. 



LAVA, lah'va, rock which flows or has 

 flowed from volcanoes in a molten state. When 

 cooled it forms rocks of different sorts, such 

 as tufa, basalt and trachyte. Lava is not 

 simply molten rock; it contains as well sev- 



