LAWRENCE 



3354 



LAWTON 



Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and the Union 

 Pacific railroads. The population in 1910 was 

 12,374; it increased to 13,324 in 1916 (Federal 

 estimate). The area of- the city is four square 

 miles. 



Lawrence is the seat of the state university 

 (see KANSAS, UNIVERSITY OF) ; it has also Has- 

 kell Institute, one of the largest of the United 

 States government industrial schools for In- 

 dians. This school has an average enrolment 

 of 700 students and is maintained at an annual 

 expenditure of $240,000. Prominent public 

 buildings include the Federal building, court- 

 house, Y. M. C. A. building, Carnegie Library, 

 opera house, Masonic Temple and club build- 

 ings. Woodland, containing eighty acres, and 

 Central and South parks are attractive recrea- 

 tion spots. Lawrence is surrounded by a rich 

 farming section. There are extensive nursery 

 interests, and the industrial establishments in- 

 clude a canning factory, which has 1,500 acres 

 under cultivation, and manufactories of flour, 

 iron, paper, collars, shirts, sashes and doors and 

 pianos. Water power is obtained from the 

 river. 



Lawrence was settled in 1854 by the Emi- 

 grant Aid Society, an antislavery organization 

 from Massachusetts, and was named in honor 

 of Amos A. Lawrence, of Boston. Before 1864 

 it was the scene of a number of anti- and pro- 

 slavery conflicts. The city adopted the com- 

 mission form of government in 1914. 



LAWRENCE, MASS., the county seat of Es- 

 sex County, is one of the principal worsted- 

 cloth manufacturing cities in the United States 

 and contains what is said to be the largest 

 single woolen mill in the world. It is in the 

 northeastern part of the state, twenty-six miles 

 northwest of Boston and ten miles northeast 

 of Lowell, and is served by several branches 

 of the Boston & Maine Railroad and by inter- 

 urban lines to Andover, Boston, Lowell, Haver- 

 hill and Salem, Mass., and to Nashua and 

 Salem, N. H. The population in 1910 was 

 85,892 ; in 1916 the Federal Census Bureau esti- 

 mated the number to be 100,560; of these 

 forty-five per cent are foreign born, German, 

 English, Irish and Scotch predominating. 



The city includes within its limits Arlington 

 District, Carltonville and Hallsville, and occu- 

 pies an area of six and a half square miles. It 

 is built along both sides of the Merrimac River, 

 which in 1916 was being deepened to make it 

 navigable thirty miles distant to the sea. An 

 immense granite dam, built in 1845-1847, below 

 a fall of twenty-six feet in the course of a half 



mile, crosses the river, 900 feet wide at this 

 place, and furnishes about 12,000 horse power 

 for manufacturing purposes. Two canals, 

 parallel with the river, the one along the north 

 shore a mile in length, the other along the 

 south shore one-half mile long, conduct water 

 to the factories and mills. Several bridges 

 cross the river in the city. 



Parks and Buildings. The Commons, one of 

 sixteen parks of much natural beauty, occupies 

 seventeen acres in the heart of the city, and 

 about it are grouped many of the important 

 buildings. These include the courthouse, of fine 

 architectural design, the Federal building and 

 the old city hall, the original "town house." 



Institutions. The city contains a large pub- 

 lic library, the Essex County Training School, 

 a children's home, Cottage and Lawrence hos- 

 pitals, and the experimental station of the 

 Massachusetts State Board of Health. Social, 

 benevolent and charitable organizations are 

 maintained by the various nationalities of the 

 city. 



Industries. Lawrence buys more raw- wool 

 than any other single market, and annually pro- 

 duces more than $60,000,000 worth of woolen 

 goods; the largest worsted mill employs 9,600 

 operatives. The cloth-printing works of the 

 city employ 10,600 people. Other important 

 local industries include the manufacturing of 

 book, news, cartridge and calendered papers; 

 paper mill machinery and cotton goods. 



History. In 1845 an organization of manu- 

 facturers, financiers and merchants secured the 

 site of the present city with the purpose of 

 creating an important industrial center. The 

 settlement was organized as a separate town 

 in 1847 and named in honor of two of the chief 

 promoters of the project. It was chartered as 

 a city in 1853. The filtration beds of the city 

 waterworks system, owned by the municipality, 

 were constructed in 1892 under the supervision 

 of the State Board of Health, and are among 

 the finest of their kind in the United States. 

 The commission form of government was 

 adopted in 1912. G.E.R. 



LAWTON, HENRY WARE (1843-1899), an 

 heroic American military leader, who, after 

 serving in several wars, gave his life for his 

 country in the Philippine Islands. He was 

 born in Manhattan, Ohio. In 1861, on the out- 

 break of the War of Secession, he became a 

 volunteer in the Union army, and at its close 

 was mustered out a brevet colonel of volun- 

 teers. In 1866 he entered the regular army as 

 second lieutenant, served with conspicuous 



