LAZARUS 



3355 



LEAD 



bravery against the Sioux and Ute Indians and 

 captured the Indian chief, Geronimo (which 

 see), in 1866. He commanded a division of 

 volunteers in the Spanish-American War at 

 Santiago, and fought with distinction in the 

 attack on El Caney, July 1, 1898. He was 

 then ordered to the Philippines as second in 

 command to General Otis, and there rendered 

 conspicuous service, fighting more than twenty 

 battles. During the Battle of San Mateo, 

 while riding on a white horse at the head of 

 his troops, he fell, mortally wounded. 



LAZ'ARUS, the brother of Mary and 

 Martha of Bethany, the youngest member of 

 the family that Jesus loved (John XI, 1-44). 

 At Jesus' call, "Lazarus, come forth," he rose 

 and came out of the tomb after having been 

 dead four days. Tennyson, in In Memoriam, 

 has this stanza concerning Lazarus of Bethany : 



Where wert thou, brother, those four days? 



There lives no echo of reply, 



Which, telling what it is to die, 

 Had surely added praise to praise. 



Lazarus is also the name of the beggar in 

 the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus 

 (Luke XVI, 19-31). This is the only instance 

 in which a. proper name is given to a charac- 

 ter in a gospel parable. 



LEA 'COCK, STEPHEN BUTLER (1869- ), a 

 Canadian educator and author, whose literary 

 work has been done in two distinct fields. At 

 first Professor Leacock was known as an econo- 

 mist and historian, but more recently he has 

 reached a new and wider public as the writer 

 of delightful, humorous sketches. Many of 

 these sketches have appeared in periodicals and 

 have later been collected and issued in vol- 

 umes. Among these volumes are Literary 

 Lapses; Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town; 

 Nonsense Novels; Behind the Beyond; and 

 Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich. Of 

 his more serious literary efforts the best known 

 are Elements of Political Science, and the biog- 

 raphies of Baldwin, Lafontaine and Hincks in 

 the Makers of Canada series. 



Professor Leacock was born in England^ at 

 Swanmoor, Hants, but went to Canada as a 

 boy. He was educated at Upper Canada Col- 

 lege and at the University of Toronto. He 

 also took a postgraduate course in political 

 science at the University of Chicago, from 

 which he received the degree of Doctor of 

 Philosophy. Since 1891 he has been a teacher, 

 and for many years has been head of the de- 

 partment of economics and political science in 

 McGill University. 



LEAD, led, a soft metal, used principally in 

 the manufacture of lead pipe and white lead. 

 It is of a bluish-gray color and so soft that it 

 can be scratched with the finger nail. Lead is 

 eleven and one-third times heavier than water; 

 from this we can readily understand how the 

 expression ''heavy as lead" originated. It is 

 well to remember, however, that many sub- 

 stances are heavier than lead. When cut, lead 

 presents a bright, metallic surface, almost as 

 white as silver, but it soon turns dull because 

 of the combination of oxygen of the air with 

 it. It melts at a temperature of 620 F., a 



United States 

 511 i 



Australia 

 122 



Spain 

 2U4- 



Mexico 

 112 



Germany 

 197 



Belgium 

 56 



Figures Represent Thousands of Short Tons 



WORLD PRODUCTION OF LEAD 

 The six countries which lead in lead mining. 

 The statistics apply to the year 1914, prior to the 

 outbreak of the War of the Nations. 



temperature above the melting point of tin 

 but below that of zinc, but when it cools it 

 contracts, so it cannot be used for making cast- 

 ings or anything requiring careful measure- 

 ments. 



Lead is found in many localities, in veins 

 and also in masses. The process of mining is 

 simple, since the ore is readily separated from 

 the enclosing rock when broken into small 

 fragments. Its chief source of supply is the 

 ore galena, which is a compound of lead and 

 sulphur. It occurs in cubelike crystals with 

 a gray metallic luster. Another ore, a com- 

 pound of lead and carbonic acid, contains silver 

 and copper, and all three metals have to be 

 considered in treating this ore (see METAL- 

 LURGY). Lead is obtained from galena by 

 roasting the ore with iron, when the sulphur 

 combines with the iron and sets the lead free. 



While its chief use is in the manufacture of 

 lead pipes, it is also employed for lining tanks 

 and tea chests and in making numerous alloys, 

 such as solder, which is lead and tin; shot and 

 type metal, composed of lead and antimony; 

 and pewter, a combination of lead and zinc. 

 A number of compounds of lead are important 

 in the arts. Lead acetate, or sugar of lead, is 

 used in dyeing; carbonate of lead, or white 

 lead (which see), is the basis of the best 



