LIMA 



3433 



LIME 



sively constructed, is filled with the accumu- 

 lated memorials of four centuries and is espe- 

 cially interesting for its great collection of 

 portraits of historic characters. In one of its 

 patios (courtyards of buildings) is an ancient 

 fig tree which Pizarro himself planted. 



Music, art and belles-lettres are liberally pat- 

 ronized in Lima. The language of the up- 

 per class is that of the best circles in Madrid 

 or in Castile. The bullfight, barely tolerated, 

 will soon be seen here no more. Nowhere in 

 South America are Spanish-American character 

 and culture more thoroughly appreciated and 

 esteemed by the representative foreign element 

 than here. The retail trade of Lima is largely 

 in the hands of Italians, who are numerous in 

 the city. There are many Americanized Chi- 

 nese families, some of which are wealthy and 

 have long been residents of the city. 



The Chamber of Commerce is representative 

 of both native and foreign business men, and it 

 exerts a strong influence on the fiscal policy of 

 the nation. Modern sanitation has begun in 

 Lima. The clubs of the city are exclusive and 

 maintain a high standard for membership. The 

 authorized lottery, with public drawings weekly 

 on the Plaza, helps to support the city's chari- 

 ties. The Botanical Garden and the statues of 

 Bolivar, San Martin, Columbus and others are 

 among the attractions of the city. H.M.S. 



LIMA, li'ma, OHIO, the county seat of Allen 

 County, situated in a rich oil section in the 

 northwestern part of the state, and on the 

 Ottawa River. The city is eighty-one miles 

 south of Toledo and seventy-one miles north 

 of Dayton, and is on the Cincinnati, Hamilton 

 & Dayton, the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton, the 

 Erie, the Lake Erie & Western and the Penn- 

 sylvania railroads. It is served by a number 

 of interurban electric lines. The area is five 

 and one-half square miles. The population was 

 30,508 in 1910; it was 35,384 in 1916, by Fed- 

 eral estimate. 



Lima has gained considerable fame as the 

 seat of the Ohio State Hospital for the Crimi- 

 nal Insane, which is one of the largest institu- 

 tions of its kind in the world. In the vicinity 

 are oil wells and refineries, from which vast 

 quantities of oil are shipped. The city has 

 large manufactories of locomotives, cars and 

 machinery, and railroad shops; 



LIME, the fruit of a small tree belonging to 

 the rue family, closely related to the lemon. 

 The tree has a crooked trunk, from which 

 spring irregular, spreading branches; it rarely 

 grows higher than eight feet. It has smooth, 



glossy leaves, like the lemon tree, and the 

 fruit has much the same shape and color as 

 the lemon, but is smaller, more rounded and 

 more sour. The lime tree is a native of India 

 and China, but is cultivated for its fruit in 

 Southern Europe, the West Indies and the 

 southern parts of America. Limes sold in 

 American markets are produced chiefly in 

 Florida and the West Indies. Though the 

 tree grows well in California it is little culti- 

 vated there because of its extensive growth in 

 Mexico and the cheapness of the Mexican 

 product. The sharp-biting juice of this lemon- 

 like fruit is the main source of citric acid; it 

 is also much used in making a cooling drink 

 called limeade, and as a flavoring. On ship- 

 board it is recommended as a preventive of 

 scurvy. See LEMON. 



LIME, a coarse, white, solid substance, 

 formed by "burning" limestone in kilns. Lime 

 is hard and brittle and it will withstand a high 

 degree of heat; however, it can be melted in 

 the intense heat of the electric furnace. Lime 

 has strong alkaline properties; that is, it acts 

 on vegetable and animal substances in the same 

 way that caustic soda and potash do. For 

 this reason it is commonly called quicklime. 

 If water is poured upon it lime swells and 

 changes to a fine white powder, forming slaked 

 lime. During the process sufficient heat is 

 given off to boil the water. A similar change 

 takes place when lime is exposed to the air for 

 a number of days. The lime absorbs water and 

 carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, forming 

 air-slaked lime, but this lime is worthless for 

 most of the purposes for which water-slaked 

 lime is used. 



In the manufacture of lime, the limestone, 

 broken into fragments, is put in at the top of 

 the kiln and the lime is taken out at the bot- 

 tom. The fire is kept up day and night, and 

 the process may continue for days and weeks, 

 the kiln being charged every few hours. Many 

 limekilns still use wood as fuel; others burn 

 coal, coke or gas. A temperature of about 

 1,800 F. is necessary to decompose the lime- 

 stone rapidly. 



Uses. Being the cheapest of alkaline sub- 

 stances, lime finds numerous applications in the 

 arts. It is used in making mortar, for white- 

 wash, in the manufacture of bleaching powder, 

 which is chloride of lime, in making modern 

 nitrogenous fertilizers, lime-niter (calcium ni- 

 trate) and lime-nitrogen (calcium cyanamide), 

 and in making cements for buildings and pave- 

 ments. It is also employed for removing the 



