LITTLE ROCK 



3466 



LITURGY 



The Mohawk River here falls forty-four feet 

 in less than a mile of its course, in a series of 

 little cascades, which suggested the name of the 

 town. By means of a dam power is furnished 

 for industry. Sectional bookcases, incubators, 

 knitting machines, bicycles, hammers, paper, 

 lumber and knit and felt goods are the .princi- 

 pal manufactures. Little -Falls is the trade cen- 

 ter for the surrounding agricultural country. 



A settlement was made here by Germans in 

 1782, which was destroyed by British sympa- 

 thizers and Indians. In 1790 the place was re- 

 settled; it was incorporated as a village in 1811 

 and as a city in 1895. W.E.W. 



LITTLE ROCK, ARK., the capital of the 

 state and the county seat of Pulaski County, 

 situated in nearly the geographical center of the 

 state, on the Arkansas River, 145 miles south- 

 west of Memphis, Tenn., and 140 miles south- 

 east of Fort Smith. Three railway lines, the 

 Saint Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, the 

 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific and the Saint 

 Louis Southwestern, enter the city. In popula- 

 tion Little Rock ranks first in the state; the 

 Federal estimate of 57,343 in 1916 is a great in- 

 crease from 45,911 in 1910. 



Location. The city occupies both banks of 

 the river and extends westward to the foothills 

 of the Ozark Mountains. It was built originally 

 on a rocky bluff fifty feet above the south bank. 

 To early settlers this bluff seemed little com- 

 pared with the bold elevation about ten times 

 higher on the opposite bank, then three miles 

 distant, which was called the Big Rock. Hence 

 the town received the name of Little Rock. 

 Fort Logan H. Roots occupies the site on the 

 high bluff. The river, here spanned by four 

 bridges, is navigable to Little Rock almost all 

 the year. The principal park is in the heart of 

 the city and covers thirty-five acres. 

 . Buildings and Institutions. With the excep- 

 tion of the state university at Fayetteville and 

 a branch of the Normal Institute for colored 

 students at Pine Bluff, all of the state's institu- 

 tions are located in Little Rock. Here are the 

 state capitol, built of Arkansas marble, the 

 school for the blind, the state penitentiary, in- 

 sane asylum, deaf-mute institute and state re- 

 form school. The granite county courthouse, 

 the Federal building, Board of Trade and Ma- 

 sonic Temple are among the notable buildings. 

 Little Rock is the seat of the United States 

 District Court for the state. It has a Weather 

 Bureau station and a United States arsenal. 

 For higher education there are the Arkansas 

 Military Academy, a military training school 



for boys; Maddox Seminary, for young ladies, 

 and Philander Smith College, for colored youth. 



Commerce and Industry. Little Rock has an 

 important trade in cotton, lumber, bauxite ore 

 (largely used in preparations of aluminum and 

 alumina and employed in lining furnaces ex- 

 posed to great heat), and in agricultural and 

 manufactured products. The surrounding coun- 

 try has a large yield of cotton, and upon it de- 

 pend the leading industrial establishments of 

 the city. These are gins, compresses, cotton- 

 seed-oil and cottonseed-cake factories, the out- 

 put of oil being especially large. Besides these 

 the city has railroad shops, bauxite-crushing 

 plants, twine factories and creosoting plants, 

 and in the vicinity are granite quarries. The 

 recent establishment of five wood-working plants 

 shows that the city is rapidly becoming a lum- 

 ber center of importance. 



History. A settlement was made here in 1814. 

 In October, 1820, with a population of less than 

 twenty, it became the territorial capital, but it 

 did not become a town until five years later; in 

 1835, by special act, it was incorporated as a 

 city. During the War of Secession Little Rock 

 was taken by the Federal forces and it remained 

 in their possession until the close of the war. 

 Since 1880 the population of Little Rock has 

 steadily increased. j.s.c. 



LITURGY, lit'urji, from a Greek word 

 meaning a public service, is a form of worship, 

 especially applicable to the celebration of the 

 Lord's Supper. The word is frequently used in 

 the Old Testament with reference to the public 

 ceremonies of the Hebrews; in the New T 

 ment it denotes any form of divine worship. 

 Modern liturgies may be divided into two great 

 groups, the Eastern and the Western. The for- 

 mer includes the Syrian rite, a Syriac version of 

 which is still used by the Maronite Church of 

 Mount Lebanon; the Persian rite, which is in 

 the Syriac language, and is now used by the 

 of Nestorians, many of whom have recentl; 

 joined the Orthodox Eastern Church and use 

 its liturgy; the Byzantine rite, the most impor- 

 tant of all the Eastern forms, used throughout 

 the world in different languages, and which is 

 the rite of the great Russian Church, of the 

 Greek Church and of less important centers of 

 worship ; and the Egyptian rite, a version of 

 which is still used by the Copts. 



The Western liturgies consist of the Latin 

 and the Vernacular, the former represented by 

 the Roman Catholic mass, and the latter by the 

 forms used by various Protestant churches. 

 The first half of the nineteenth century wit- 



