LIVER 



3467 



LIVERPOOL 



nessed a notable revival in the study of litur- 

 gies, both in England and America, and there is 

 a growing disposition on the part of Christian 

 churches generally to adopt liturgical services. 

 LIVER, the largest glandular organ of the 

 body. It weighs from three to four pounds, is 

 a soft and easily-crumbled mass, of a dark red 

 or chocolate color. The liver lies on the right 

 side of the abdominal cavity. It has a concave, 



LOCATION OF THE LIVER 

 With respect to other organs: (1) the liver; 

 (2) stomach; (3) heart; (4) lungs. 



or outward-curved upper surface, which fits 

 closely into the diaphragm. It is flat and ir- 

 regular below and thicker behind, touching the 

 intestines and the right kidney with the lower 

 surface. Five ligaments hold it in place. It is 

 divided by fissures, or grooves, into five lobes, 

 the largest on the right. The hepatic artery 

 and portal vein carry blood to trie liver, and 

 the hepatic duct conveys the bile to the gall 

 bladder, a pear-shaped sac below the liver. 



The liver has a number of very important 

 functions. It receives blood from the stomach 

 and the intestines through the portal vein, 

 which divides in the liver into a network of 

 capillaries. This blood in passing through the 

 liver is freed of its waste matters and poisons; 

 the liver cells also take out of the blood some 

 of its sugar content, changing it into a kind of 

 animal starch called glycogen. Glycogen is 

 stored away in the liver cells to be given out 

 again as sugar when it is needed by the blood. 

 Sugars and starches in the blood are also 

 changed into fat, part of which is poured into 

 the blood and part stored away in the cells of 

 the liver. This organ also manufactures bile, 



an important digestive fluid. Because the liver 

 acts as a destroying agent of various poisons 

 brought into the body, it often becomes itself 

 diseased. That is why persons who have suf- 

 fered from malaria, dysentery and other germ 

 diseases are liable to have some form of liver 

 trouble. Overactivity of the liver may cause 

 the disease known as diabetes. J.H.K. 



Related Subjects. Reference to the following 

 articles in these volumes will broaden the read- 

 er's knowledge of this topic : 

 Arteries Diabetes 



Bile Gall Bladder 



Circulation of the Blood Veins 



LIV'ERMORE, MARY ASHTON RICE (1821- 

 1905), an American lecturer and woman suffra- 

 gist. She was born in Boston, and first came 

 into public notice during the War of Secession. 

 Her services on the Sanitary Commission and 

 her speeches in support of the cause represented 

 by that organization brought her into national 

 prominence. She was active in the temperance 

 movement for many years, and was well known 

 as a writer on religious subjects. She was edi- 

 tor of the Woman's Journal of Boston at one 

 time, and published a great many books. After 

 the war Mrs. Livermore became an active advo- 

 cate of woman suffrage, and her ability as a 

 public speaker gained her notable success on 

 the lecture platform. 



LIVERPOOL, the second largest city in 

 England and one of the greatest commercial 

 centers in the world. It is situated on the 

 River Mersey, three miles from its mouth, and 

 is 201 miles northwest of London. In Liver- 

 pool "Trade is en- 

 throned, with cot- 

 ton as Prime Min- 

 ister." However, 

 not cotton alone, 

 but nearly all the 

 grain, dressed 

 meats and other 

 produce shipped 

 from Australia, 

 Canada and the 

 United States to LOCATION MAP 



England enter through the port of Liverpool; 

 while most of the exports from the kingdom to 

 these countries leave from this city, whose 

 docks are well equipped to handle this immense 

 trade. They extend along the river for seven 

 miles. Because of the strong tide at that point, 

 forty great docks have been constructed, all 

 joined together and surrounded by strong stone 

 walls, within which are immense floodgates, 



IRISH SEA 



WALES 



V 



