LOCKWOOD 



3476 



LOCOMOTIVE 



There are four parks, and extending from the 

 town throughout the country are excellent 

 roads. The city has a large trade in grain and 

 fruit, quarries of .Niagara limestone and sand- 

 stone, pulp-paper and fiber mills and manufac- 

 tories of automobile supplies, milling and wood- 

 working machinery, cotton and woolen batting, 

 aluminum, glass, flour, brooms, wall board and 

 textiles. 



When the Erie Canal was opened in 1825 a 

 settlement was made on the site of the present 

 city. This was incorporated as a village in 

 1829 and became a city in 1865. 



LOCK 'WOOD, BELVA ANN BENNETT (1830- 

 1917), an American reformer, lawyer and lec- 

 turer, and the only woman ever nominated for 

 President of the United States, was born at 

 Royalton, N. Y. In 1848 she was married to 

 U. H. McCall, who died after five years, and in 

 1868 to Dr. Ezekiel Lockwood, who died in 

 1877. After teaching school for eleven years 

 and graduating from Genesee College, Lima, 

 N. Y., during that period, she took up the 

 study of law, and in 1873 was admitted to prac- 

 tice in the District of Columbia. She was later 

 admitted to practice before the Supreme Court 

 of the United States, under a law admitting 

 women which she was instrumental in inducing 

 Congress to pass. Her activity in the causes of 

 woman suffrage and temperance brought about 

 her nomination for the Presidency in 1884 and 

 again in 1888, by the Equal Rights party. She 

 was a delegate to the International Peace Con- 

 gress in 1908, and she lectured frequently on 

 the reforms which she advocated. In 1913 she 

 was a delegate to the Women's World Conven- 

 tion in Budapest, Hungary, and in the same 

 year was elected a member of the International 

 Peace Bureau at Brussels. 



LO'CO-FO'CO, a nickname in American 

 politics, first applied in 1835 to the radical fac- 

 tion of the Democratic party in New York 

 state. In October of that year a meeting of 

 New York Democrats was held in Tammany 

 Hall for the purpose of effecting an organiza- 

 tion opposed to the chartering of state and 

 private banks by special legislation. The con- 

 servative element attempted to prevent this 

 action, but, finding themselves outnumbered, 

 turned out the lights and left the hall. Not to 

 be outdone, the reform faction lighted candles 

 with "loco-foco," or friction, matches, reorgan- 

 ized the meeting and proceeded with their busi- 

 ness. These reform Democrats were at once 

 called loco-jocos by the Democratic press, and 

 in course of time the Whigs applied the term 



THE "ROCKET" 

 The first Stephenson loco- 



to the Democratic party as a whole. The origi- 

 nal loco-foco Democrats later took the name oi 

 Equal Rights party (see POLITICAL PARTIES IN 

 THE UNITED STATES). 



LOCOMOTIVE, lokomo'tiv, a machine 

 driven by steam or electricity, used for moving 

 cars upon a track. The word is formed by the 

 union of two Latin words, locus, meaning 

 place, and motivus, meaning moving; so in its 

 broadest sense, a 

 locomotive is any R 



self-propelling ve- 

 hicle. 



The first steam 

 locomotive to run 

 on rails was de- 

 signed in 1803 by 

 Richard Trevi- 

 thick, a Welsh en- 

 gineer. It was 

 followed ten years 

 later by Puffing 

 Billy, which got motive, 

 its expressive name from the noise it made in 

 hauling cars. The locomotive of the present, 

 however, was developed in large part by the 

 genius of an English engineer, George Stephen- 

 son, who won a prize of $2,500 offered by the 

 Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1829, by 

 entering his Rocket in competition with other 

 designs. The Rocket, though it looks crude to 

 twentieth-century people, contained all the es- 

 sential parts of a locomotive; moreover, it 

 attained a speed of almost thirty miles an hour. 

 It only remained for later engineers to deveh 

 still further the speed and hauling power of tl 

 Stephenson design. See STEPHENSON, Gi 



Structure. A steam locomotive consists of 

 frame, the boiler and engines supported by 

 and a running gear on which it travels, 

 boiler is a long cylindrical body of steel, havii 

 a furnace at one end and a smoke box at 

 other. Smoke and gas from the furnace 

 carried to the smoke box at the front throuj 

 numerous tubes, called flues, about two incl 

 in diameter. These tubes, as well as the 

 box, are surrounded by water, so that as mi 

 heat as possible may be absorbed. The srm 

 box is supplied with a netting to catch 

 large cinders and hot sparks, which mi{ 

 otherwise set fire to houses and dry grass al( 

 the right of way. The water in the boiler 

 heated and turned into steam. 



The engine converts the pressure of 

 steam in the boiler into the force that rotai 

 the drivewheels. It consists of cylinders 



