LONDON UNIVERSITY 



3493 



LONGEVITY 



colonists and adventurers, 105 in number, late 

 in 1606, and it was this "party which founded 

 Jamestown (see VIRGINIA, subhead History). 

 A large proportion of these emigrants were 

 of the gentleman class, unaccustomed to labor, 

 and that fact accounts for the failure of the 

 colony to grow and thrive. 



The London Company, whose name was 

 changed in 1609 to "The Treasurer and Com- 

 pany of Adventurers and Planters of the City 

 of London for the First Colony in Virginia," 

 had charge of the administration of the colony 

 of Virginia until 1624, when its charter was 

 withdrawn. 



LONDON UNIVERSITY, an institution of 

 London which differs from other universities in 

 that it is an examining and not a teaching body. 

 Connected with it, so closely that they really 

 constitute a part of the institution, are a num- 

 ber of schools and colleges which prepare stu- 

 dents for their examinations before the govern- 

 ing body. There are medical colleges, theolog- 

 ical schools, agricultural and technical schools, 

 and general faculties of arts and sciences, so 

 that the scope is a very wide one. The various 

 colleges had before the outbreak of the War of 

 the Nations an enrollment of more than 5,000. 



LONG, JOHN LUTHER (1861- ), an Ameri- 

 can novelist who is most widely known for his 

 Madame Butterfly, a story of Japan. Belasco's 

 play, in which Blanche Bates starred, and Puc- 

 cinni's opera, in which Geraldine Farrar had a 

 notable success, were founded on this story. 

 Long wrote, in addition, Miss Cherry-Blossom 

 oj Tokyo, The Fox-Woman and War or What 

 Happens When One Loves One's Enemy, and 

 collaborated with E. C. Carpenter in a play en- 

 titled The Dragon Fly. He was born in Penn- 

 sylvania, studied law, and engaged in practice 

 in Philadelphia. He did not, like so many law- 

 yers with literary tendencies, give up his pro- 

 fession for writing, but divided his time be- 

 tween the two. 



LONG BEACH, CAL., a noted watering place 

 on the southern coast of the state, about 

 twenty miles south of the city of Los Angeles, 

 in Los Angeles County. It has a delightful 

 location on San Pedro harbor, and its beach is 

 one of the finest on the Pacific coast. The 

 locality abounds in scenic attractions, and the 

 beach has a large pleasure pier, an auditorium 

 which seats about 4,000 people, and many hotels 

 and cottages. A number of electric lines enter 

 the city from Pasadena, Los Angeles and adja- 

 cent towns, but travelers from greater distances 

 arrive on the Southern Pacific and the San 



Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake railways. 

 Steamers ply between Long Beach and Santa 

 Catalina Island, to the southwest. Although 

 Long Beach is known primarily as a watering 

 place, it is rapidly becoming a commercial cen- 

 ter, and already has a fine trade in fruit, prod- 

 uce and lumber. The population increased 

 from 17,809 in 1910 to 27,587 in 1916 (Federal 

 estimate). In 1915 the city adopted the com- 

 mission form of government. 



LONG BRANCH, N. J., a city of Monmouth 

 County and one of the oldest seaside summer 

 resorts in the United States. It is located 

 forty-five miles by rail and thirty-five miles 

 by water south of New York City, and about 

 seventy miles northeast of Philadelphia. It is 

 on the Pennsylvania and the Central of New 

 Jersey railroads and on electric interurban lines. 

 During the summer season boats sail regularly 

 between Long Branch and New York. The 

 population was 13,298 in 1910; it was estimated 

 at 15,39*5 in 1916. During the summer months 

 there are frequently as many as 50,000 visitors. 



The city occupies nearly nine square miles on 

 a plateau extending westward from a cliff 

 twenty to thirty feet above the beach and sea. 

 Great bulkheads and jetties protect the land 

 from the waves. Along the bluff is Ocean 

 Avenue, five mfles in length, and a board walk 

 two miles long, which is a favorite promenade. 

 Hotels and boarding houses, parks and casinos, 

 handsome cottages, bathing houses along the 

 beach and the adjacent pleasure resorts are the 

 attractions of the city. The Federal building, 

 city hall, public library, hospital, banks and 

 school buildings are worthy of note. The 

 Monmouth County horse show and races are 

 held here each year in July. There is some 

 manufacturing in the city, especially that of 

 underwear and wearing apparel. 



In 1734 the site of the town was an Indian 

 fishing village and was called "Land's End." It 

 was owned by a British officer before the War 

 of Independence, when it was confiscated by 

 the government and later developed by private 

 enterprise as a bathing resort. The present 

 name seems to refer to the "long branch" of 

 the Shrewsbury River. Presidents Grant and 

 Garfield spent vacations in Long Branch, and 

 in Ocean Park stands a monument erected to 

 the memory of Garfield, who died here in 1881. 

 The place was chartered as a city in 1904, and 

 in 1912 adopted the commission form of gov- 

 ernment. B.B.N. 



LONGEVITY, lonjev'iti. See LIFE, LENGTH 



