LONG PARLIAMENT 



3500 



LOO-CHOO 



Since the town Y is east of the town X, the 

 time at Y is found by adding the 4 hours, 53 

 minutes, 35 seconds to the time at X (Rule c), 

 making the time at Y 53 minutes, 35 seconds past 

 4 P. M. Likewise X is west of the meridian at 

 Greenwich and Y is east of it ; Y then has later 

 clock-time than X (Rule e). 



PRACTICE PROBLEMS. 1. Find the difference in 

 time between 



New York, 74 3' W., and Berlin, 13 23' 53" E. 



Montreal, 73 35' W., and Paris, 2 20' 22" E. 



When it is 4 A. M. at Washington, 76 56' W., 

 what time is it at Berlin, 13 23' 53" E.? 



2. Find the difference in longitude between two 

 places whose difference in time is 



(a) 5 hr. 12 min. 18 sec. 



(b) 6 hr. 18 min. 8 sec. 



3. A vessel sailed from a port directly on a line 

 of latitude for a certain distance, then turned and 

 went due north to port. Here the captain found 

 his watch to be an hour slow. In what direction 

 did he sail first, and how many degrees? 



4. A man travels until his watch is 1 hr. 20 

 min. fast. Does he go east or west, and how 

 many degrees? B.M.W. 



LONG PARLIAMENT, par'li ment. The last 

 Parliament of Charles I well deserved this 

 name, for it assembled in November, 1640, con- 

 tinued without interruption until 1652, and was 

 not formally dissolved until March, 1660. It 

 is, however, more celebrated for what it brought 

 to pass in English history than for its length. 

 It abolished the hated Star Chamber (which 

 see) ; impeached and executed Strafford and 

 Laud, the king's highly-unpopular ministers; 

 declared that tonnage, poundage and ship 

 money could not be collected at the will of 

 the king for his selfish purposes unless Parlia- 

 ment consented, and deprived certain courts of 

 their self-assumed powers. Then, to make it- 

 self perfectly safe, it passed a bill forbidding 

 the king to dissolve Parliament without its own 

 consent. But when these important matters 

 were disposed of, the body found time and 

 pretexts for violent squabbling, and at length 

 an open break occurred between the members 

 on the subject of the control of the army sent 

 to suppress an insurrection in Ireland. The 

 Cavalier party withdrew and held true to the 

 king, against whom the Parliament waged suc- 

 cessful war. 



But religious differences sprang up. The 

 Presbyterians of Parliament endeavored to put 

 down the Independents, who were supreme in 

 the army, and the result was that in 1652 the 

 army expelled the ninety-six Presbyterian 

 members and left what has since been known 

 as the "Rump Parliament." It was this little 

 body of about fifty men which put to death 

 Charles I and established the Commonwealth. 



Cromwell found the Rump determined to hold 

 on to its power at any cost, and therefore ex- 

 pelled its members in 1653, but in 1659, after 

 Cromwell's death, they reassembled, the Pres- 

 byterians again joining the ranks. This resur- 

 rected body ordered a new election and dis- 

 solved itself on March 16, 1660. 



Consult Gardiner's The Great Civil War; 

 Firth's Oliver Cromwell and the Rule of the Puri- 

 tans in England. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Charles (England) Cromwell, Oliver 



Commonwealth of Restoration, The 



England 



LONG 'STREET, JAMES (1821-1904), an 

 American general, who was considered one of 

 the hardest fighters in the Confederate army. 

 His soldiers affectionately called him "Old 

 Pete." He was born in South Carolina. After 

 graduating from West Point, he gave his first 

 service to his country in the Mexican War. 

 During the War of Secession he took an active 

 part in the battles of Bull Run, Williamsburg, 

 those around Richmond, Fredericksburg, Get- 

 tysburg, Chickamauga and the Wilderness. In 

 1862 he was made a major-general in the Con- 

 federate army. After the war he filled several 

 important government positions. President 

 Hayes appointed him minister to Turkey, and 

 in 1898, President McKinley made him United 

 States Commissioner of Railroads, a post which 

 he held at the time of his death. 



LONGUEUIL, loNgeh'y' or loN'gay'y', the 

 county town of Chambly County, Quebec. It 

 is on the south bank of the Saint Lawrence 

 River, opposite Montreal, with which it has 

 ferry connection. Longueuil is served by the 

 Quebec, Montreal & Southern Railway, and by 

 the Montreal & Southern Counties, an electric 

 line. It is a popular summer resort and resi- 

 dential suburb for Montreal business men. 

 has a Roman Catholic college and two 

 vents. The principal industrial establishm 

 is the branch plant of Armstrong- Whitworth 

 Co., the famous makers of armor plate 

 ordnance. Population in 1911, 3,972; in 1 

 nearly 5,000. 



LOO-CHOO, or LU-CHU, an archipelago 

 the Pacific Ocean, consisting of fifty-five 

 islands lying between Japan and the island of 

 Formosa, with a total area of 934 square miles. 

 The most important island is Okinawa, on 

 which the capital, Shuri, is situated. The 

 southernmost islands are of coral formation; 

 those in the north are of volcanic origin. The ; 

 climate is pleasant and healthful, the soil fer- 



