LUMPFISH 



3535 



LUNACY 



Planks are ordinarily 2 inches thick and at 

 least 6 inches wide. 



Laths are sold in bundles of 100. They are 

 4 feet long, one and a half inches wide and one- 

 fourth inch in thickness. 



Estimating. In deciding how much lumber 

 to purchase for a house like that described in 

 the. article CARPENTRY, some parts, such as sills 

 and joists, can be . exactly counted. Studs, 

 beams and rafters can also be counted, but as 

 the carpenters may not cut the long pieces ex- 

 actly as the estimator might plan, it is well to 

 allow a number of extra pieces. 



In ordering boards to cover the walls and 

 floor no deductions need be made for openings, 

 for the saving due to them is usually offset by 

 waste. If the boards are to be laid diagonally, 

 the quantity needed will be 10 per cent greater. 

 The number of feet of 4-inch siding required is 

 about one-third greater than the amount of 

 boards for the same area. The number of shin- 

 gles necessary depends on the width to which 

 each row is to be exposed to the weather. If 

 this width is multiplied by the average width 

 of the shingles to be purchased and by the num- 

 ber of shingles in a bundle, usually 250, the re- 

 sult will be the number of square inches which 

 a bundle may be expected to cover. The 

 amount of nails needed for a building will vary 

 from 20 to 40 pounds per 1,000 square feet of 

 each kind of material, and will be about 5 

 pounds for each 1,000 shingles. C.H.H. 



Consult publications of the United States For- 

 est Service, issued by the Department of the In- 

 terior, Washington, D. C. ; Kellogg and Ziegler's 

 Cost of Growing Timber; Fernow's Brief History 

 of Forestry in Europe, the United States and 

 Other Countries. 



LUMP 'FISH, or LUMP 'SUCKER, a group 

 of North Atlantic fishes, so called because of 

 their awkward shape and the presence of a 

 sucking disk formed by the union of the back 

 fins (the ventrals). This disk enables them to 

 attach themselves and cling firmly to an object 

 several times their weight. The fish has a gro- 

 tesque form, with a thick, short head and body ; 

 the back is arched into a ridge; the belly flat 

 and the fins rather small. Before it spawns it 

 is beautifully colored with varying shades of 

 crimson, purple, blue and orange, but afterward 

 it changes to a dull olive tint. It attains a 

 good size, often weighing seven pounds. The 

 lumpsucker abounds in the coast waters of the 

 North Atlantic in both hemispheres. The flesh 

 is soft and oily and is therefore not generally 

 esteemed as a food. In Great Britain it is 

 known also as the cock paddle. 



LUMPY JAW, or LUMP JAW, a cattle dis- 

 ease which consists, as the name indicates, in 

 the formation of a lump or swelling on the 

 jawbone. It is caused by a fungus which the 

 animal takes into the system from the grass, 

 vegetables or grain which is eaten. One animal 

 rarely infects another. 



Symptoms. A slight swelling of the lower 

 jawbone occurs, usually back in the region of 

 the molar teeth; this swelling, or lump, in- 

 creases slowly in size until finally it breaks 

 down in abscess formation, and the discharge 

 of a quantity of matter takes place. This leaves 

 a hole, or sinus, opening directly into the bone ; 

 the discharge persists, the matter becoming 

 more yellow, and "proud flesh" forms around 

 the sides of the opening. The matter then has 

 an offensive odor and contains small, yellowish 

 grains, which, being examined, are found to con- 

 tain the germ causing lumpy jaw. The animal 

 loses in condition, it cannot eat, and if not 

 cared for it dies. 



Treatment. As soon as the disease is recog- 

 nized, surgical treatment should be started, 

 consisting of a cleansing of the opening and 

 scraping the diseased bone underneath. If this 

 is done thoroughly and in time, the animal may 

 be cured, but if it is allowed to continue long, 

 death will result. S.C.B. 



Consult "Investigations Relating to the Treat- 

 ment of Lumpy Jaw," Bulletin 2, United States 

 Department of Agriculture. 



LU'NA, the Latin name for the moon. To 

 the Romans, however, this chief ornament of 

 the night was not a planet, but a goddess, who 

 drove her silvery chariot across the sky. This 

 goddess was not always gentle and kind, and 

 was sometimes believed to drive insane those 

 who had seriously offended her. From this old 

 superstition the word lunatic grew up, and thus 

 means literally the same as moonstruck. But 

 there was another deity, a far more important 

 one, named Diana (which see), and since she 

 was the sister of the sun god Apollo, she must, 

 argued her worshipers, have something to do 

 with the moon. To her, therefore, were gradu- 

 ally transferred the qualities of Luna, until in 

 time the two were merged into one conception. 

 Luna, however, was the original Roman moon 

 goddess, and her worship dated back to the time 

 of Romulus, the founder of Rome, in 753 B. c. 



LUNACY, lu'nasi, a term applied to certain 

 mental conditions produced by disease or defect 

 of the brain, rendering a person not responsible 

 for his acts. The words lunacy and lunatic 

 were derived from luna, meaning the moon; 



