LYSANDER 



3547 



LYTTON 



the lyric form named above, and to the following 



additional articles : 



Elegy Poetry 



Ode Sonnet 



LYSANDER, lisan'der ( ? -395 B.C.), a 

 Spartan warrior who was instrumental in bring- 

 ing about the defeat of Athens in the Pelopon- 

 nesian War. In 407 B. c., as commander of the 

 Spartan fleet, he defeated the Athenians at the 

 promontory of Notium, and in 405 B. c. was 

 again victorious, overwhelming the Athenian 

 fleet of 180 ships off Aegospotami. The follow- 

 ing year the war came to an end with the sur- 

 render of the city of Athens. Lysander was 

 killed at the Battle of Haliartus, in 395 B.C., 

 while in command of an army sent against the 

 Boeotians. His biography appears in Plutarch's 

 Lives. See GREECE, subtitle History. 



LYSIMACHI A , ly si ma ' ki a, a group of 

 plants belonging to the primrose family, con- 

 taining about seventy species, nearly all of 

 which grow in the northern hemisphere. Some 

 scientists claim these plants were named for 

 King Lysimachus of Thrace; others, that their 

 name is derived from Greek words meaning 

 loose and strife. Golden loosestrife, a familiar 

 resident of the fields and roadsides of New 

 England and the Middle states, is an old-time 

 garden plant naturalized from Europe. Its 

 leaves are lance-shaped and the flowers are 

 yellow and five-pointed, borne in the axils of 

 the upper leaves. Moneywort and creeping 

 Charlie are the common names for the creeping 

 loosestrife, a trailing vine which is always green. 

 It is also a rampant grower and will crowd out 

 the grass whenever opportunity offers. Money- 



wort is an admirable plant for hanging baskets. 

 Japanese lysimachia, which bears white flowers, 

 is an attractive plant for borders and also pro- 

 duces flowers for cutting. 



LYSIPPUS, lisip'us, a Greek sculptor who 

 introduced great changes in the accepted rules 

 for the proportions of the human figure. He 

 claimed to represent the figure as it seems to 

 be to the eye and not as it actually is. He 

 worked only in bronze, and his statues were 

 characterized by small heads, long legs and ex- 

 tremely slender figures. Lysippus's professional 

 activity falls between the years 372 and 316 

 B.C., during which time he produced over fif- 

 teen hundred statues, including many studies 

 of Alexander the Great. Among the best ex- 

 amples of his art still in preservation are two 

 bronze statuettes of Neptune and Jupiter and 

 the larger bronze of Hercules in the British 

 Museum, London. 



LYTTON, lit'un, EDWARD GEORGE EARLE 

 LYTTON-BULWER. See BULWER-LYTTON, ED- 

 WARD GEORGE EARLE. 



LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT BULWER (1831- 

 1891), the second Lord Lytton, an English 

 diplomat, politician and poet, was born in Lon- 

 don, and was the son of the famous novelist, 

 Bulwer-Lytton. Notwithstanding the activities 

 of a brilliant political career, Lord Lytton, un- 

 der the pen name of Owen Meredith, produced 

 much poetry and prose of a high order, includ- 

 ing the ever-popular Lucile, Orval, or The Fool 

 of Time, the only representation in English of 

 the great Polish poetical school, Clytemnestra 

 and Other Poems, Tannhduser and The Life 

 and Letters of Edward Bulwer, Lord Lytton. 



