MAINZ 



3608 * 



MAISONNEUVE 



school of Madame de Maintenon's that Racine 

 wrote his Athalie and Esther. 



Consult Blennerhassett's Louis XIV and 

 Madame de Maintenon. 



MAINZ, mine'tz, a former German fortress, 

 of the first rank until 1919, when Germany, de- 

 feated in the War of the Nations, was ordered 

 to demolish all Rhine fortifications It is the 

 largest town in the former grand duchy of Hesse, 

 now an integral part of the new German repub- 

 lic. Mainz is situated on rising ground along 

 the left bank of the River Rhine, twenty miles 

 southwest of Frankfort. It is one of the most 

 ancient of German cities, but its oldest part 

 was modernized after 1857. Mainz was the 

 birthplace of Gutenberg, who invented the art 

 of printing with movable types, and a fine 

 statue by Thorwaldsen has been erected here in 

 his honor; his house, too, is one of the places 

 visited by the tourist. 



1 The city is an important center of the Rhine 

 trade with Holland and Belgium, and also car- 

 ries on a large transit trade by railway. Its 

 manufactures include furniture, leather goods, 

 musical instruments, machinery and chemicals, 

 while brewing, printing and market-gardening 

 also represent important activities. Although 

 the history of Mainz is associated with Rome 

 from the year 13 B. c., the real importance of 

 the town dates from the Frankish emperors. 

 It was several times in possession of France, 

 and in 1816 was assigned to the grand duchy of 

 Hesse. After 1866 it was held by Prussian 

 troops, and in 1870 it was declared an imperial 

 fortress. Population, 1912, 118,000. 



I MAIR, CHARLES (1838- ), a Canadian 

 poet and journalist, best known for his poetic 

 drama Tecumseh, which shows a clear insight 

 into Indian character. Mair was born at Lan- 

 ark, Ont., was educated at the Perth grammar 

 schools and at Queen's University, Kingston. 

 Later he studied medicine, and for a time was 

 engaged in business. At an early age he began 

 to write for the press, both in prose and verse, 

 and his first volume, entitled Dreamland and 

 Other Poems, appeared in 1868. In the mean- 

 time Mair had become the Fort Garry (Win- 

 nipeg) correspondent of a Montreal newspaper. 

 He was in Fort Garry at the time of the Red 

 River Rebellion, and was imprisoned and con- 

 demned to death, but managed to escape. 

 During the Saskatchewan Rebellion he served 

 as a medical officer. His most important work, 

 Tecumseh, appeared in the following year, 1886. 

 Noteworthy among his other books are The 

 Fountain of Bernini; The Last Bison; The Con- 



quest of Canada, and Through the Mackenzie 

 Basin. After the Saskatchewan Rebellion Mair 

 made his home in the West, in turn in British 

 Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and then 

 British Columbia again. 



MAISONNEUVE, mazonev' , a city in Que- 

 bec, on the island of Montreal, about three 

 miles northeast of the city of Montreal. Al- 

 though legally a separate city, Maisonneuve is 

 really an industrial suburb of Montreal. Run- 

 ning through both of the cities are the Cana- 

 dian Pacific, the Canadian Northern and the 

 Grand Trunk railways, all linked by terminal 

 electric railways. Maisonneuve has regular 

 steamship connection with various ports on 

 the Atlantic coast, the Saint Lawrence River 

 and the Great Lakes. In 1910 the city ranked 

 sixth among the manufacturing centers of the 

 Dominion, with an output of $20,813,774, a 

 total more than three times as great as the 

 output of 1900. There are about fifty large 

 industrial establishments, employing approxi- 

 mately 20,000 people. Most important among 

 the products are cans, spool cotton, licorice, 

 shoes, shoe machinery, bridges, wall paper and 

 biscuits. Noteworthy buildings are the city 

 hall, public market and gymnasium, the dry 

 dock and the government navy yard. Popula- 

 tion in 1901, 3,958; in 1911, 18,684; in 1916, 

 34,856. 



MAISONNEUVE, PAUL DE CHOMEDEY, Sieur 

 de ( ? -1676), a French soldier and colonial 

 governor, founder of Montreal and for twenty- 

 two years governor of the colony. He entered 

 the French army at an early age, and served 

 with distinction in many campaigns. About 

 1640 he became interested in the proposal to 

 found a religious colony in New France and in 

 the next year, under the patronage of a pious 

 French nobleman, sailed from France with a 

 small band of enthusiasts. Before the forty- 

 five emigrants (four were women) set sail, they 

 met in the great cathedral of Notre Dame in 

 Paris and solemnly consecrated the new settle- 

 ment to God. Maisonneuve and his band 

 reached Quebec in the autumn of 1641 and 

 spent the winter there. The governor of Que- 

 bec, fearing that the new settlement might 

 prove a dangerous rival, pointed out the dan- 

 gers from Indians, but Maisonneuve replied 

 with characteristic fearlessness: "I have not 

 come here to deliberate, but to act. It is my 

 duty and my honor to found a colony at Mon- 

 treal, and I would go if every tree were an 

 Iroquois." The new settlement was founded 

 on May 18, 1642. "The afternoon waned," 



