MALINES 



3613 



MALLOW 



fully harming the person or property of an- 

 other for spite, revenge or for the mere wish to 

 injure is malicious, so also is the intentional 

 neglect of an obligation to others. Where the 

 act is specially deliberated and not the imme- 

 diate result of a sudden determination, there is 

 said to be malice aforethought. Malicious mis- 

 chief is injury done to the property of another 

 without cause, even if committed without 

 knowledge as to the indentity of the owner. 



MALINES, maleen', in German, MECHLIN, 

 meK'lin, is a city of Belgium, situated on the 

 Dyle River, fourteen miles southeast of Ant- 

 werp. Lying in the direct line of the German 

 drive on Antwerp, early in the War of the Na- 

 tions (1914) the city suffered a heavy bom- 

 bardment which destroyed a considerable por- 

 tion of it. Before its capture by the German 

 forces it was a city of many fine squares, well- 

 built houses surrounded by extensive gardens, 

 and wide, regular streets all spotlessly clean. 

 It had, however, fallen far behind' many of the 

 other cities of Belgium in industrial enterprise 

 and commercial activity. Its manufactures 

 consisted chiefly of felt and straw hats, woolen 

 stuffs and tapestries, furniture, carpets and 

 large bells. Malines for centuries has been the 

 religious metropolis of Flanders, and its monu- 

 ments and curiosities are chiefly of a sacred 

 nature. Its most noteworthy edifice, Saint Ro- 

 mauld's Cathedral, was built in the sixteenth 

 century. It covers almost two acres and con- 

 tains an altarpiece by Van Dyck and many 

 other fine paintings and carvings. Population, 

 1910, 59,200. See WAR OF THE NATIONS. 



MALLEABILITY, mal e a bil'i ti, a property 

 possessed by most metals, which makes it pos- 

 sible for them to be hammered or rolled into 

 thin sheets. Malleability, together with duc- 

 tility, or the property of being drawn out into 

 wire, is included under the general term of elas- 

 ticity (which see). The degree of malleability 

 increases with the temperature and with the 

 purity of the substance. Lead, which is readily 

 hammered out, and gold, which may be beaten 

 into exceedingly thin gold leaf, are the most 

 malleable metals. See MATTER, subhead Prop- 

 erties of Matter. 



MALLORY, mal'ori, STEPHEN RUSSELL (1813- 

 1873), an American lawyer and political leader, 

 the organizer of the Confederate navy. He had 

 not only to organize and administer it, but to 

 build the ships, provide as best he could for 

 their ordnance and machinery; and create a 

 naval force in a country whose ports were 

 blockaded. Timber for the ships still stood in 



the forests; iron was in the mines, and there 

 were no furnaces and workshops. Thus handi- 

 capped, he nevertheless created the Confederate 

 navy. He was born at Trinidad, West Indies, 

 where his father, a Connecticut shipbuilder, was 

 temporarily located. The family removed to 

 Key West, Fla., in 1820, and the son was edu- 

 cated at Mobile and at the Moravian Acad- 

 emy in Nazareth, Pa. He studied law, took an 

 active interest in politics and early in life held 

 a number of minor public offices, including in- 

 spector of customs at Key West, judge of Tay- 

 lor County, and collector of the port of Key 

 West. 



From 1851 to 1861 he was United States Sena- 

 tor from Florida, and during most of the dec- 

 ade was chairman of the committee on naval 

 affairs. He resigned when his state seceded 

 from the Union, and President Davis at once 

 appointed him Confederate secretary of the 

 navy. He proved himself an efficient organizer, 

 and held the office until the fall of the Con- 

 federacy. He was then held prisoner by the 

 United States government for nearly a year, 

 being pardoned by President Johnson in 1867. 

 Thereafter he practiced law in Pensacola, which 

 had been his home since 1858. 



MALLOW, mal' o, a family of herbs and 

 shrubs, all members of which secrete a sticky 

 substance resembling mucilage. The hollyhock 

 and hibiscus, both described in these volumes 

 under their respective names, are familiar gar- 

 den representatives, and another member of the 

 family is the valuable cotton plant. The com- 

 mon mallow, whose trailing stems and pale- 

 lavender blossoms are seen in the fields and 

 along the roadsides throughout the United 

 States, has become a weed. It bears a flat, cir- 

 cular fruit, formed from several united pods. 

 When ripe these pods fall away separately, and 

 are the "cheeses" which children take delight in 

 eating. 



The marsh mallow (which see) has been nat- 

 uralized from Europe, and grows in the salt 

 marshes of the Atlantic coast from Massachu- 

 setts to New Jersey. On its erect, branching 

 stem, which grows from two to four feet high, 

 are borne small clusters of pale crimson-pink 

 flowers, which beautify the marshes of the East- 

 ern coast in August and September. Its thick 

 root, which secretes mucilage, is used in making 

 candy. Another familiar species is the musk 

 mallow, an escape from gardens. It has pale- 

 rose or white flowers and takes its name from 

 the faint, musklike scent of its foliage. The 

 fiber is used in Syria for textile purposes. 



