MANCHESTER 



3620 



MANCHURIA 



opening ceremony taking place on May 21, 

 when Queen Victoria visited Manchester. It 

 is in direct communication with all the barge 

 canals of the kingdom, and through it the larg- 

 est seagoing boats enter the heart of the city, 

 which has six miles of wharfage and 100 acres 

 of dock accommodations. The cost of con- 

 struction was $75,000,000, and the annual traffic 

 receipts now amount to over $3,000,000. 



MANCHESTER, N. H., the largest city of 

 the state, and its most important manufactur- 

 ing center. It is one of the county seats of 

 Hillsboro County, and is situated in the south- 

 eastern part of the state, and is on the Merri- 

 mac River, at the point where it receives the 

 Piscataquog River. Concord, the state capital, 

 is seventeen miles north, and Boston is fifty- 

 six miles south. Railroad transportation is pro- 

 vided by the Boston & Maine ; interurban lines 

 extend from the city to neighboring towns. 

 Population, 1910, 70,063; in 1916 (Federal esti- 

 mate) 78,283. The area of the city is about 

 thirty-one square miles. 



Location. The city occupies both banks of 

 the two rivers, at an elevation of ninety feet 

 above the water, and commands a fine view of 

 river and valley. Lake Massabesic lies on the 

 east side of the city. The park reservation of 

 200 acres is divided into fifteen parks. A no- 

 ticeable feature of Manchester is the pleasing 

 aspect of the residential district of the indus- 

 trial classes, the rule being detached dwellings 

 and corporation homes, instead of tenements. 



Buildings and Institutions. Manchester has 

 a number of fine buildings, the most conspicu- 

 ous being the Federal building, the county 

 courthouse, the Roman Catholic Cathedral and 

 the public library, containing about 46,000 vol- 

 umes. Notre Dame, Sacred Heart and Elliott 

 hospitals, Saint Joseph's and Saint Patrick's 

 orphanages, and Saint Vincent's and Saint Pat- 

 rick's homes for the aged are worthy of note. 

 Besides the public and parochial schools, there 

 are Saint Mary's Academy, Saint Anselm's Col- 

 lege, Saint Augustine's Academy and the state 

 industrial school. 



Manufactures. Above the city the Merrimac 

 River has a drop of fifty-four feet, called the 

 Amoskeag Falls, which furnishes abundant 

 water power for manufacturing purposes; to 

 these falls the city owes much of its prosperity. 

 Large capital is invested in the manufacture of 

 cotton goods, the city's chief product. The 

 thirty-six cotton mills have a total annual out- 

 put of 246,000,000 yards, and with the woolen 

 mills employ about 15,000 people. Boots and 



shoes are also important products, about 7,500 

 people being employed in their manufacture. 

 The annual value of these and lesser products 

 is estimated at $46,000,000. 



History. The first settlement by white men 

 on the site of Manchester was made in 1722 by 

 Scotch-Irish immigrants. For a number of 

 years it was known as Harrytown, and with 

 portions of Chester and Londonderry was in- 

 corporated as the township of Derryfield in 

 1751. In 1810 the name was changed to Man- 

 chester on account of its manufacturing possi- 

 bilities, and in 1846 the city charter was 

 granted. In 1853 the villages of Amoskeag and 

 Piscataquog were included within the city's 

 limits. Manchester is the birthplace and burial 

 place of the fearless military leader, General 

 John Stark, and in the park overlooking the 

 Merrimac River a monument has been erected 

 to his memory. J.F.S. 



MANCHURIA, man choo' re ah, a province of 

 about '363,600 square miles, in Northeastern 

 China, the original home of the Manchu, who 

 established the Ta Ching or "Great Pure" dy- 

 nasty which reigned in Peking from 1644 to 

 1912. The Chinese were made by the Manchus 

 to wear the queue as a symbol of subjection, 

 but it came in time to be regarded as an essen- 

 tial part of dress. At the present time the 

 population of 17,000,000 is largely Chinese, and 

 the country is politically a dependency of 

 China. The foreign relations of Manchuria 

 are entirely in the control of the central Chi- 

 nese government at Peking, and the local af- 

 fairs of the three divisions of the province are 

 in the hands of provincial governors. 



Manchuria is a land of the richest natural 

 resources, but only about one-fifth of its land 

 is under cultivation. The country is very 

 mountainous, the melting snows of the Shan-a- 

 lin, or Long White Mountains, feeding the 

 large rivers which water immense crops and 

 furnish a means of carrying them to market. 

 These mountains, rich in coal, gold, silver, cop- 

 per, lead, iron and soda, are covered by exten- 

 sive and valuable forests of pine, oak, elm and 

 walnut. The Fushun coal mine, operated by 

 the government, is believed to be one of the 

 largest in the world. There are many hunters 

 and trappers in the mountains, who collect great 

 quantities of skins of tigers, bears, wolves, deer, 

 foxes and martens. West of the Shan-a-lin 

 range lies a great fertile plain, where immense 

 crops of beans, peas, rice, tobacco and Kaoliang 

 are raised. Kaoliang, raised for home use, is a 

 grain, eaten by the Chinese as a cheap substi- 



