MANNA 



3635 



MANvSARD ROOF 



specific thing which he accomplished was his 

 success in stirring up a general interest in edu- 

 cational affairs. He wrote Lectures on Educa- 

 tion, Letters and Speeches on Slavery and 

 twelve annual Reports which are regarded as 

 among the classics of educational literature. 



Consult the Biography of Horace Mann, by his 

 wife, Mary Peabody Mann ; Hinsdale's Horace 

 Mann and the Common School Revival in the 

 United States. 



MANNA, man' a, the food provided for the 

 Children of Israel during their forty years of 

 wandering in the Wilderness. It appeared as 

 small, round flakes of a yellowish-white color, 

 and tasted like wafers made with honey (Exo- 

 dus XVI; Numbers XI). In Exodus XVI 

 manna is said to have rained from heaven each 

 morning. The daily portion of each person 

 was about six pints, or an omer, and was 

 gathered in the morning for the day. Gather- 

 ing more than the day's allowance was for- 

 bidden, and manna gathered in defiance of the 

 order soon decayed. On the sixth day, twice 

 the usual amount fell, and two omers were 

 gathered in preparation for the Sabbath. When 

 the Children of Israel crossed the Jordan into 

 Canaan, the fall of manna ceased. A substance 

 like manna found on the camel's thorn, an 

 Asiatic shrub, is sometimes called Jews' or 

 Hebrew manna. 



M ANNERING , man ' er ing, MARY ( 1876- ) , 

 an English actress who has won the admiration 

 of her audience because of personal charm and 

 sweetness of voice. Until twenty years of age 

 she acted principally in English provinces, 

 having made her 

 debut' with Mrs. 

 Brown Potter and 

 Kyrle Bellew in 

 Hero and Lean- 

 der. Then she 

 was engaged by 

 Daniel Frohman 

 and introduced to 

 American audi- 

 ences. Her first 

 American appear- 

 ance was at Hart- 

 ford, Conn., as 

 Leonie in The 

 Courtship of Leonie. She then dropped her 

 family name of FLORENCE FRIEND, by which 

 she had been known on the English stage, and 

 assumed that of "Mary Mannering," the maiden 

 name of her grandmother. Among the many 

 plays in which she has acquired a high reputa- 



MARY MANNERING 



tion are Trelawney of the Wells, Janice Mere- 

 dith, The Lady of Lyons, The Stubbornness of 

 Gcraldine, The Walls of Jericho, A Man's 

 World and The Garden of Allah. After her 

 divorce from James . K. Hackett, whom she 

 had married in 1897, she became the wife of 

 Frederick E. Wadsworth. 



MANNHEIM, mahn'hime, a city in the for- 

 mer grand duchy of Baden, situated on the 

 right bank of the River Rhine, near its junction 

 with the Neckar. The old fortifications have 

 been converted into gardens, and the town is 

 one of the cleanest in Germany; The old 

 grand-ducal palace, which covers fifteen acres, 

 and is the largest of its kind in the country, 

 contains a fine picture gallery and a library. 

 The flourishing machine works of the city, 

 which give employment to 10,000 persons, turn 

 out great numbers of agricultural implements 

 and gasoline and electric motors. A celluloid 

 factory employs 2,000 workmen. Cigars, car- 

 pets, rubber, railway supplies, mattresses and 

 leather goods are other products of manufac- 

 ture. The great river trade of Mannheim has 

 been stimulated by the construction of ex- 

 tensive docks and harbors. Population, 1911, 

 194,000. 



MANNING, man' ing, HENRY EDWARD (1808- 

 1892), a cardinal of the Roman Catholic 

 Church, leader in Roman Catholic movements 

 in England, and active worker for the better- 

 ment of the social life of the people, especially 

 along temperance and educational lines. Car- 

 dinal Manning was born at Totteridge in Hert- 

 fordshire, England, was educated at Balliol 

 College, Oxford, and later was made a Fellow 

 of Merton. In 1851 he left the Church of 

 England and joined the Church of Rome. His 

 advancement in that communion was rapid 

 from the first. He founded the congregation 

 of the Oblates of Saint Charles Borromeo at 

 Bayswater, London, was made archbishop of 

 Westminster in 1865 and cardinal in 1875. Be- 

 fore his secession to Rome, he published sev- 

 eral volumes of powerful sermons. Through 

 his defining of Papal infallibility at the Vatican 

 Council in 1870 he gained world-wide renown. 

 He was a devout priest, a statesman always 

 loyal to the Church, and a practical reformer. 



MANSARD, man'sahrd, ROOF, a variety of 

 curb-roof designed to replace the ordinary attic 

 with a top story almost as spacious as that 

 below. There are two slopes to the roof, the 

 lower being but little inclined from the upright, 

 and pierced with windows. The upper slope is 

 variable in pitch, but more nearly flat than the 



