MANTELL 



3637 



MANUAL TRAINING 



by statute, and varies in different countries. 

 Imprisonment for from one to fourteen years 

 is the ordinary penalty for this form of crime, 

 which ranks below the different degrees of 

 murder. See HOMICIDE; MURDER; CRIME. 



MAN 'TELL, ROBERT BRUCE (1854- ), the- 

 atrical manager and actor whose repertoire 

 embraces over twenty plays of a classical and 

 historical order. In Shakespearean roles Mr. 

 Mantell has been remarkably successful. He 

 possesses personal magnetism, and his power 

 upon his audiences is direct and convincing. 

 He was born at Ayrshire, Scotland. When four 

 years old his parents moved to Belfast, Ire- 

 land, where he grew to manhood. He made 

 his first theatrical appearance at Rockdale, 

 Lancashire, England, in 1874, and the following 

 year sailed for America, in the hope of securing 

 an engagement at the Boston Museum. Un- 

 successful, he returned to England and for a 

 long time was a member of Mme. Modjeska's 

 company. Not until 1885 did he appear in 

 New York, when he played the leading part in 

 Tangled Lives. Other successful plays in which 

 he has starred are The Corsican Brothers and 

 The Marble Heart. His Shakespearean reper- 



toire includes Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and 

 Juliet, Julius Caesar, King John, Richard III, 

 King Lear and Macbeth. 



MAN 'TIS, the popular name of an insect 

 sometimes called the praying insect, or praying 

 mantis, from its attitude when at rest; which 

 is somewhat that of prayer. The structure of 

 its front legs is remarkable; they are bent and 

 admirably adapt- 

 ed for catching 

 other insects, on 

 which it lives. It 

 inhabits the 

 warmer countries. 

 In form and color 

 the mantis s o 

 closely resembles 

 the trees and 

 plants it fre- 

 quents as almost 

 to defy detection, 

 and thus it eas- 

 ily catches its prey. A species found in the 

 Southern United States is regarded with super- 

 stitution by the negroes, largely because of its 

 grotesque appearance. 



THE MANTIS 



.ANUAL, man'u al, TRAINING. 

 The boy's manual training begins with the 

 possession of his first jackknife. Shall he 

 whittle aimlessly just to make chips, or shall 

 he be so directed that his whittling will result 

 in skill in the use of his knife and in the .mak- 

 ing of something useful? In the answer to 

 this question we find the reason for the intro- 

 duction of manual training into the public 

 schools. Manual training is the term applied 

 to all forms of construction work used as an 

 agent in general education. In its broadest 

 application the term includes all the construc- 

 tion work in the lower grades, but as ordinarily 

 used it applies to the work of boys with tools 

 in the grammar grades and the high school. 



Much of the construction work required in 

 connection with drawing in the lower grades 

 forms an excellent preparation for real manual 



training lessons which begin in the sixth or 

 seventh grade. The work for boys in the 

 elementary schools consists in lessons in the 

 thorough use and care of woodworking tools, 

 exercises in carpentry and such lessons in 

 mechanical drawing as may . be necessary to 

 enable the pupils to make drawings of the 

 objects they are to construct. The girls take 

 sewing and cooking. 



High school courses include carpentry, ma- 

 chine work, forging, and, in some schools, found- 

 ing. Schools offering these courses have well- 

 equipped machine shops, blacksmith shops and 

 laboratories for performing experiments in 

 physics and chemistry. The work in mathe- 

 matics is given a practical turn by application 

 of the principles of algebra and geometry to 

 the solution of problems arising in the manual 

 training exercises, and a full course in mechan- 



