MARYLAND 



3670 



MARYLAND 



Bethlehem, where she had gone to be enroled 

 in the House of David, according to the mode 



beloved disciple John. Little of her life has 

 been recorded, and tradition says she died at 



of taking the census, she gave birth to the Jerusalem in A.D. 63. In Christian art Mary 

 Saviour. Through the sufferings of her Son, occupies a prominent place (see MADONNA AND 

 her life had many sorrows, and from the 

 Cross He commended her to the care of the 



HER BABE). She is a perfect type of Chris- 

 tian womanhood. 



iRYLAND, a South Atlantic state, 

 one of the original thirteen states of the 

 American Union, named in honor of Henrietta 

 Maria, wife of the English king, Charles I. 

 Maryland is popularly known as the OLD LINE 

 STATE, the greatest part of its northern boun- 

 dary being Mason and Dixon's Line. 



Size and Location. Maryland lies for the 

 most part between Pennsylvania and Virginia. 

 Ranking forty-first among the states in area, 

 it is about half the size of West Virginia and 

 lacks 3,300 square miles of being half as large 

 as New Brunswick. The water surface is 2,386 

 square miles, or over one-sixth of the total 

 area of 12,327 square miles. .Maryland's ex- 

 treme breadth from north to south is 128 

 miles, on the east shore of Chesapeake Bay, 

 while at Hancock, in the western end of the 

 state, its breadth is but two miles. It is in 

 form one of the most irregular states of the 

 Union. 



The People. In the number of inhabitants 

 Maryland ranks twenty-seventh among the 

 states, but in the density of its population it 

 is exceeded by only six states. As compared 

 with the average density of 30.9 per square 

 mile for the United States in 1910, the popu- 

 lation of Maryland averaged 130.3 per square 

 mile. Of the 1,295,346 inhabitants in 1910, 

 232,250, or about 5.5 per cent, were colored, 

 and 191,838 were foreign-born whites, princi- 

 pally Germans and Russians. The estimated 

 population January 1, 1917, was 1,368,240. 

 About 250,000 are negroes. The colored popu- 

 lation of Baltimore is exceeded in only four 

 other cities of the United States, namely, 

 Washington, New York, New Orleans and 

 Philadelphia. The urban population in the six 

 cities of 2,500 or more in 1910 was 658,192, and 



the rural population numbered 637,154, or 49.2 

 per cent. Over two-fifths of the entire popu- 

 lation of the state live in Baltimore, which 

 city, with its estimated population of 589,621 

 in 1916, ranked seventh in size among the cities 

 of the United States. Other chief cities are 

 Annapolis, the capital; Cumberland, Hagers- 

 town, Frederick and Cambridge. 



The Roman Catholic and Methodist churches 

 have the largest number of adherents. Other 

 prominent denominations are the Episcopalians, 

 Lutherans, Baptists and Presbyterians. 



Education. The present system of common 

 schools was put into effect in 1865, since which 

 time a marked development and improvement 

 have been noted. The illiteracy decreased from 

 19.3 per cent in 1800 to 11.1 per cent in 1900 

 and 7.2 per cent in 1910. At the head of the 

 school system is the state board of education, 

 under the direction of the state superintendent, 

 who is appointed by the governor for four 

 years. County commissioners are appointed by 

 the governor for six years. In 1912 a com- 

 pulsory school law was passed, the enforcement 

 of which is left to the boards of the counties, 

 except in the five whose representatives have 

 exempted their counties. In 1914 five counties 

 were enforcing this law, with an increase of ten 

 to fifteen per cent in school attendance. A law 

 providing for the consolidation of schools and 

 the establishment of a state university was 

 enacted in 1914. 



Besides normal schools at Baltimore, Frost- 

 burg and Bowie, institutions for higher learning 

 receiving state aid are Johns Hopkins Uni- 

 versity at Baltimore; Western Maryland Col- 

 lege at Westminster; Washington College at 

 Chestertown; Saint John's College at Annapo- 

 lis; Maryland Agricultural College at College 



