MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY 



3691 



MASSAGE 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Boots and Shoes Fish 



Cod Granite 



Cranberry Mackerel 



Emery Tobacco 



Connecticut 

 Housatonic 



Berkshire Hills 

 Holyoke, Mount 



Merrimac 



UNCLASSIFIED 



Old South Meeting 



House 

 Plymouth Rock 



MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY, a colony 

 founded in 1628 at Salem, Mass., by a group 

 of English Puritans who wished religious free- 

 dom for themselves. These emigrants, under 

 the leadership of John Endicott, landed in 

 America at a point which they named Salem, 

 after one of the Biblical names for Jerusalem, 

 and governed themselves for a time independ- 

 ent of the king. With the idea that freedom in 

 worship was for themselves only, and not for 

 newcomers, they opposed believers in other 

 faiths, particularly the Quakers (see QUAKERS; 

 also WITCHCRAFT), and defied the king's au- 

 thority; in consequence, their charter was re- 

 voked in 1684. Because of the severity of their 

 restrictions many of their members left the 

 colony to found new homes a little farther 

 inland, and thus Rhode Island and Connecticut 

 received their first settlers. 



A new charter was granted in 1691, under 

 which they were governed up to the time of the 

 Revolution. Harvard, the first college for 

 higher education in America, was established 

 in this colony, as was also the free system of 

 public school instruction. See PURITANS ; MAS- 

 SACHUSETTS, subhead History. 



MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECH- 

 NOLOGY, teknol'oji, one of the strongest 

 scientific and technical schools in America, the 

 first institution in the United States to use 

 laboratory methods of instruction. Four-year 

 courses are offered in civil, mechanical, mining 

 and metallurgical, electrical, chemical and 

 sanitary engineering; architecture, chemistry, 

 biology and public health, physics, general 

 science, geology and geodesy, naval architecture 

 and marine engineering, and electrochemistry. 

 There are opportunities for research work in 

 all departments, with specially-equipped labora- 

 tories in physical chemistry, applied chemistry 

 and public health. All undergraduate courses 

 lead to the degree of Bachelor of Science. The 

 degrees of Master of Science, Doctor of Phi- 

 losophy and Doctor of Engineering are given 

 for postgraduate work. 



The institute is the land-grant "mechanical 

 college" of Massachusetts. It receives a yearly 

 state appropriation, in return for which it 

 maintains eighty free scholarships. The tuition 

 is $250 per year, except in one course; naval 

 construction, for which it is $500. The insti- 

 tute was incorporated in 1861, largely through 

 the efforts of William Barton Rogers, the first 

 president, but owing to the War of Secession, 

 students were not admitted until 1865. Among 

 the first faculty of ten was Professor Charles 

 William Eliot, later president of Harvard Uni- 

 versity. Until June, 1916, the school was 

 located in the Back Bay district of Boston; it 

 now occupies a magnificent group of new build- 

 ings on the Cambridge side of the Charles 

 River. 



In 1914 an agreement was made by the insti- 

 tute and Harvard University whereby the 

 university courses in engineering are given in 

 the buildings of the institute under the super- 

 vision of the institute president and a faculty 

 consisting of university and institute profes- 

 sors. Under specified conditions students 

 registered in either institution may attend 

 courses in and receive degrees from the other. 

 Harvard University also transferred to the in- 

 stitute a .fund of approximately $15,000,000 

 which had been bequeathed to Harvard as an 

 endowment for a graduate school of applied 

 science. The school is coeducational, but the 

 courses offered do not attract many women. 

 The institute maintains three publications, the 

 Technology Quarterly, Proceedings of the So- 

 ciety of Arts and the Technology Review. 

 The library, which is supplemented by that of 

 Harvard and other Boston libraries, contains 

 120,000 volumes. There are about 300 instruc- 

 tors and 1,900 students. 



MASSAGE, masahzh' , a method of medical 

 treatment performed by stroking, friction, 

 kneading or striking the affected parts. It is 

 known to savage as well as to civilized races, 

 and in the Orient, Egyptians, Turks, Japanese 

 and Chinese have employed this manual treat- 

 ment of the body. It is sometimes confounded 

 with the Swedish movement cure, but the lat- 

 ter requires the active cooperation of the 

 patient to produce results. Massage is used 

 with good results to soothe the nerves, to 

 strengthen the digestive organs and to remove 

 a variety of disordered conditions by pressing 

 out waste material and stimulating circula- 

 tion. The operator, who performs with his 

 bare hands upon the skin, should be carefully 

 trained and have sufficient knowledge of the 



