MECCA 



3714 



MECKLENBURG DECLARATION 



This rigid inspection makes it certain that 

 all meat which comes from the packing-houses 

 is fit for food. In the United States, however, 

 this government inspection covers only about 

 sixty per cent of the meat production, and in 

 Canada the percentage is about the same. 

 A small additional percentage is inspected by 

 local authorities, but the remainder, slaughtered 

 privately or by local butchers, is uninspected. 

 The percentage of privately-slaughtered meat 

 is steadily growing less, however, and in time 

 will probably constitute a negligible factor in 

 the meat supply. W.F.Z. 



Consult Circulars 101, 105, 154, of the Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture, 

 Washington, D. C. ; Edelman's Textbook of Meat 

 Hygiene. 



Kaaba, which was purged of its idols and be- 

 came a Mohammedan shrine. At the time of 

 the Hajj, or annual pilgrimage, which Moham- 

 med enjoined on his followers to be taken at 

 least once in their lives, the city is crowded 

 with pilgrims, often to the number of 100,000. 

 This pilgrimage lasts three or four months and 

 is the chief source of the wealth of the in- 

 habitants. Population, about 80,000. See 

 MOHAMMEDANISM. 



MECHANICAL POWERS, me kan'i kal pou' 

 erz. The six simple machines, the elements of 

 which more complicated machines are made, 

 are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined 

 plane, wedge and screw. Their mechanical 

 power, or advantage, is the ratio of the effort 

 put forth to do a definite amount of work to 



THE SIX MECHANICAL POWERS 

 From left to right : Lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw. 



Food 



Food Products, 



Preservation of 

 Ham 

 Mutton 

 Pemmican 

 Pork 

 Poultry 

 Proteids 

 Proteins 

 Pure Food Laws 

 Sweetbread 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred in 



this connection to the following articles in these 



volumes : 



Adulteration of Food- 

 stuffs and Clothing 



Bacon 



Beef 



Calorie 



Chile Con Carne 



Cold Storage 



Cookery 



Diet 



Digestion 



Fat 



Fish 



MECCA, or MEKKA, mek'a, the capital of 

 the province of Hejaz, Arabia. Because it was 

 the birthplace of Mohammed it is the great 

 holy city of his followers. It is situated "two 

 camel marches," or about sixty miles, east of 

 Jiddah, its Red Sea port. The valley in which 

 it lies is narrow and sandy, and scarcely any 

 refreshing rain ever falls; its industries are 

 confined to dyeing and the making of articles 

 for sale to pilgrims. The newer part of the 

 city has a modern aspect. 



Mecca was given over to idolatry centuries 

 before the birth of Mohammed, but after the 

 hegira (which see) the prophet marched 

 against Mecca, and the inhabitants were forced 

 to accept his new religion as the price of their 

 lives. The sacred mosque encloses the holy 



the amount of work done. That ratio is either 

 a proper or an improper fraction, expressing the 

 number of times less or greater the force is 

 than the usefulness of the machine. In the 

 former case the work done is much less than 

 the effort put forth, but it is done in much 

 less time; in the latter case the work done is 

 much greater than the effort expended. Very 

 great mechanical advantage, both of time and 

 labor, may be obtained by various combina- 

 tions of these simple machines. Each of the 

 six mechanical powers is described in detail 

 under its title in these volumes. 



MECHANICS, mekan'iks, the term applied 

 by Sir Isaac Newton to the science of the con- 

 struction and use of machines. It now refers 

 to abstract force, motion 'and stress, without 

 any account of the substance. Mechanics in- 

 cludes the study of the kinds of motion, or 

 kinematics; . and the causes of motion and 

 changes of motion, or dynamics, a term now 

 also applied to the whole subject. Dynamics 

 includes statics, or the forces acting on a still 

 body; and kinetics, or the motion and change 

 of motion of a moving body (see DYNAMICS). 



MECK'LENBURG DECLARATION OF IN- 

 DEPENDENCE, in American history, a series 

 of resolutions said to have been passed at a 

 meeting at Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, 





