MEDFORD 



3716 



MEDICAL SCHOOLS 



in the Mystic River. The city, including the 

 villages of South Medford, West Medford, 

 Hillside, Glenwood and Wellington, was char- 

 tered in 1892. The population increased from 

 23,150 in 1910 to 26,234 in 1916 (Federal esti- 

 mate) ; the state census of 1915 reported the 

 number of people to be 30,509. The area is 

 eight square miles. 



Medford is one of the oldest cities in the 

 state. It contains some structures of historical 

 interest; among these are Craddock House, 

 dating from 1634, the oldest structure in the 

 United States retaining its original form ; Wel- 

 lington House, built in 1657, the Royal House, 

 originally built by Governor Winthrop, and the 

 Old Fort, built in 1630 as a block house, which 

 served as a refuge against the attacks of the 

 Indians. One of the reconstructed colonial resi- 

 dences contains the public library of over 

 35,000 volumes. Beside these the city has one 

 of the finest armory buildings in the United 

 States; Tufts College, founded in 1852; a 

 $500,000 high school; the library and museum 

 of the Medford Historical Society, which occu- 

 pies the former home of Lydia Maria Child, 

 the author; the Barnum Museum of Natural 

 History, founded by P. T. Barnum, and the 

 Eaton Memorial Library, donated by Mrs. 

 Andrew Carnegie in memory of her pastor. 

 The Craddock bridge, built across the Mystic 

 River in 1638, was the first toll bridge in New 

 England. In the early days the city was noted 

 for its shipbuilding industry. C.B.G. 



MEDFORD, ORE., a city in Jackson County, 

 in the southwestern part of the state, 205 miles 

 south of Eugene and fifteen miles from the 

 California state line. It is on the Southern 

 Pacific, the Pacific & Eastern and the Rogue 

 River Valley railroads. The population in 1910 

 was 8,840; it increased to 14,118 in 1916 (Fed- 

 eral estimate). The area of the city is nearly 

 three square miles. 



Medford is in a beautiful location in the 

 fertile Rogue River Valley, west of the Cascade 

 Mountains. This section is the center of an 

 extensive fruit-growing industry; chief among 

 the fruits raised are apples and pears.- Near 

 the town are large tracts of valuable pine tim- 

 ber and ore deposits. Klamath and Crater 

 lakes and National Park are among many 

 places of scenic beauty near the city. The 

 public buildings of Medford include a Federal 

 building, erected at a cost of $120,000, Sacred 

 Heart Hospital, Elks' Club and Carnegie 

 Library. In addition to its public schools the 

 city has Saint Mary's Academy. H.A.L. 



MEDIA, me 'dia, an ancient country in 

 Asia, now included in Northwestern Persia, 

 nearly corresponding to the provinces of Azer- 

 baijan, Ardilan, Ghilan and Irak-Ajemi. It 

 was in the days of its leadership bounded on 



MEDIA. ABOUT 600 B. C. 



the northeast by Hyrcania and the Caspian 

 Sea, on the south by Susiana-Persia, on the east 

 by Parthia and on the west by Assyria. Media 

 was conquered by Assyria probably as early as 

 811 B.C., and later joined other nations against 

 the Assyrians. After several expeditions 

 against tyrannical Assyria, the Medes and 

 Babylonians, under Nabopolassar, in 608 B. c. 

 captured and burned Nineveh, the Assyrian 

 capital, and overthrew the empire. The 1< 

 ership of the Medians was short-lived, how- 

 ever, for in 549 B. c. the Persians, led by Cyi 

 the Great, conquered them and made thei 

 country a part of the Medo-Persian Empire. 

 See CYRUS. 



MED'ICAL SCHOOLS, institutions for the 

 education of physicians and surgeons, have ex- 

 isted in all countries of advanced civilizatk 

 since thg time of Hippocrates, four hundred 

 years before Christ. In modern times they 

 are usually connected with universities. The 

 methods of instruction vary greatly in differ- 

 ent countries, and in the United States and 

 Canada in different schools. German schools 

 are largely under government control, and tl 

 theoretical side of the training is emphasized. 

 British doctors have until recently received 

 their instruction by personal association with 

 practicing physicians, but with modern advance 

 in laboratory needs, it has become necessary 

 organize schools. In France, the clinic, or at- 

 tendance of students during the actual practice 

 of doctors, is most in favor. Switzerland was 

 the first nation to admit women to its medical 

 schools. 



United States and Canada. In America the 

 are schools of all sorts. The best of them give 

 thorough theoretical training, have excellent 

 laboratory equipment and good clinical in- 

 struction. On the other hand, nearly half 

 the schools are decidedly inefficient. Some 

 lack laboratories, and others have no clinical 



