MEXICO 



3774 



MEXICO 



of a number of United States marines at Tam- 

 oico led to the despatching of the American 

 fleet to the Gulf of Mexico. War seemed im- 

 minent, but it was finally averted by the 

 friendly intercession of the so-called "A B C" 

 powers Argentina, Brazil and Chile. In July, 

 1914, Huerta resigned, and Carranza became 

 Provisional President, but Villa, heretofore his 

 adherent, refused to support his claims, and 

 Zapata also set up an independent government 

 in the south. There seemed no solution of 

 the vexed problem; the recognition by the 

 United States of Carranza as de facto Presi- 

 dent did little to settle the matter. Villa, his 

 hand against all parties, became more and more 



Nogales 



Casas Grandes 

 CHIHUAHUA 



Namiquipa 



J 



Chihuahua 



MAP OF CHIHUAHUA STATE 

 Location of the events connected with the expe- 

 dition from the United States in 1916. 



daring in his depredations, and at length made 

 it evident that he had no more respect for the 

 authority of the United States than for that 

 of his successful rivals in his own country. 

 Finally, early in 1916, he began crossing the 

 border into Texas and New Mexico, and there 

 on his raids, particularly at Columbus, N. M., 

 on March 8, put to death peaceful American 

 citizens. In March the United States govern- 

 ment sent troops into Mexico under Generals 

 Funston and Pershing to capture the bandit 

 chief. The direct command of 12,000 men, 

 under Pershing, penetrated 500 miles below the 

 Rio Grande and remained there inactive until 

 February, 1917, when the government of the 

 United States ordered it home. Official inac- 

 tion, due to fricti9n with official Mexico, made 



it impossible to accomplish what it was sent to 

 perform. Over 100,000 state militiamen were 

 mobilized and sent to the border for patrol 

 duty, and no state's quota remained there less 

 than six months; many regiments were yet 

 there in September, 1919, owing to threatened 

 trouble betw'een the Carranza followers and 

 those of Villa which might jeopardize American 

 interests along the border. In June, 1919, 

 American troops drove Villistas from Juarez. 



On May 1, 1917, a new constitution went 

 into effect, the result of many weeks of. work 

 on the part of the Carranza government. Dur- 

 ing April a national election was held, and 

 Carranza was elected President of the republic. 

 The. last constitutional President had been 

 Madero, who was assassinated February 22, 

 1913, by the Huerta regime. A.MC c. 



Consult Turner's Barbarous Mexico ; Lummis's 

 The Awakening of a Nation; Fornaro's Carranza 

 and Mexico; Reed's Insurgent Mexico. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes will give more detailed informa- 

 tion on certain phases of Mexican geography and 

 life: 



Acapulco 

 Aguas Calientes 

 Campeachy 

 Chihuahua 

 'Durango 

 Guadalajara 

 Guanajuato 

 Leon 



CITIES 



Mexico 



Monterey 



Morelia 



Puebla 



San Luis Potosi 



Tampico 



Vera Cruz 



Zacatecas 



HISTORY 



Aztecs 



Carranza, Venustiano 

 Cortez, Hernando 

 Diaz, Porfirio 

 Huerta, ..Victoriano 

 Iturbide, Agustin de 

 Juarez, Benito Pablo 

 Madero, Francisco 



Maximilian 

 Mexican War 

 Montezuma 

 Santa Anna, Antonio 



Lopez de 

 United States, subtitle 



History 

 Villa, Francisco 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Rubber and Rubber 



Manufacture 

 Sheep 

 Silver 

 Sisal 



MOUNTAINS 



Sierra Ma.dre 



Cattle 



Coffee 



Copper 



Gold 



Horse 



Pulque 



Popocatepetl 



UNCLASSIFIED 



California, Lower Tehuantepec, Isthmus of 



Rio Grande 



Yucatan 



MEXICO, GULF OF, a great arm of the At- 

 lantic Ocean which forms what is in effect a 

 huge inland sea on the eastern coast of North 

 America. It is almost entirely surrounded by 

 the United States and Mexico. The southern- 



