MONCK 



3884 



MONCTON 



ascetics in private life who have set for them- 

 selves the ideal of self-denial. G.W.M. 



Consult Workman's Evolution of the Monastic 

 Ideal; Morin's Ideal of the Monastic Life Found 

 in the Apostolic Age; Wheeler's Women of the 

 Cell and Cloister. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes will be of interest in connection 

 with the above discussion of monasticism : 



Anthony, Saint 



Benedictines 



Capuchins 



Carthusians 



Charity, Sisters of 



Dominicans 



Franciscans 



Hermits 



Jesuits 



Knighthood, Orders of 



Knights Hospitalers 



Mendicant Orders 



Mercy, Sisters of 



Monk 



Nun 



Paulists 



Templars, Knights 



Teutonic Knights 



Trappists 



Ursulines 



MONCK, mungk, CHARLES STANLEY, Fourth 

 Viscount (1819-1894), a British statesman and 

 colonial administrator, Governor-General of 

 Canada under the Act of Union from 1861 to 

 1867, and then for two years first Governor- 

 General of the Dominion of Canada. He was 

 born in County Tipperary, Ireland, was gradu- 

 ated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1841, and 

 was called to the bar in the same year. After 

 practicing law for a decade he became active 

 in politics, and in 1852 was elected to the 

 House of Commons, of which he remained a 

 member until 1859. From 1855 to 1858 he was 

 a lord of the treasury. 



Although his public career up to the time he 

 was appointed Governor-General of Canada was 

 short, he had won so high a reputation that 

 the appointment received general approval. 

 Canadian affairs were in a critical state. The 

 union established 

 in 1841 was about 

 to break down, 

 and before Monck 

 had been in Can- 

 ada more than a 

 year or two the 

 government was 

 practically at a 

 standstill, be- 

 cause no party 

 could remain in 

 power for more 

 than a few 

 months. Monck's 

 tact and reasonableness went far to avoid trou- 

 ble. Largely through his influence George 

 Brown was induced to set aside his personal 

 feeling against Sir John A. Macdonald and join 

 the coalition Ministry in 1864. Monck strongly 



VISCOUNT MONCK 



approved of the Confederation movement and 

 did everything in his power to assist it. In 

 recognition of his services he was made, in 1866, 

 a viscount in the peerage of Great Britain 

 (previously he had been an Irish peer), and 

 when the Dominion of Canada was organized 

 in 1867 was appointed its first Governor-Gen- 

 eral. He resigned after two years of service. 

 In 1871 he was a member of the commission 

 which effected the disestablishment of the Irish 

 Church, and from 1882 to 1884 was on the com- 

 mission to carry out the provisions of the Irish 

 Land Act. 



MONCTON, mungk' tun, a city in Westmor- 

 land County, New Brunswick, and, except Saint 

 John, the largest city in the province. It is 

 185 miles northwest of Halifax and eighty-nine 

 miles northeast of Saint John. Its location in 

 the southeast corner of the province, near the 

 narrow Isthmus of Chignecto, has made it a 

 railroad center. It is the eastern terminus of 

 the Canadian Government Railways (The In- 

 tercolonial and the Grand Trunk Pacific), and 

 is the general headquarters for the entire sys- 

 tem. They employ in the city from 2,000 to 

 3,000 people, who receive in wages from $2,000,- 

 000 to $2,500,000 a year, and their repair shops 

 are Moncton's largest industrial establishment. 

 The population in 1911 was 11,345; in 1916, 

 estimated, 15,000. 



In addition to the government railways M one- 

 ton is served by the Transcontinental, operated 

 by the government, and by the Moncton & 

 Buctouche Railway. It is at the head of navi- 

 gation on the Petitcodiac River, which is navi- 

 gable for about nine months of the year for 

 vessels drawing twenty-five feet of water. The 

 water commerce, particularly in coal and mo- 

 lasses, is important. Vessels coming up the 

 river are carried by the "tidal bore," which 

 rises to a height of thirty or thirty-five feet. 

 The tides of the Bay of Fundy, into which the 

 Petitcodiac flows, are famous (see FUNDY, 

 BAY OF). 



Moncton is the only city in Eastern Canada 

 to burn natural gas as fuel, and it is the center 

 of one of the three large gas-producing fields 

 in the Dominion. . It has a large trade in lum- 

 ber, agricultural implements, hardware, whole- 

 sale groceries and other commodities. Its chief 

 manufactures are woolen goods, flour, biscuits, 

 leather, hats, caps and other articles of clothing, 

 wire fences, aerated waters and woodenware of 

 various kinds. 



A conspicuous feature of Moncton is the 

 combined city hall and market, completed in 



