MONMOUTH 



3892 



MONOMANIA 



Consult Garner's Apes and Monkeys, Their Life 

 and Language; Elliot's A Review of the Primates. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 



Ape 



Aye-aye 

 Howlers 

 Lemur 



Loris 



Marmoset 



Sapajou 



MONMOUTH, mon'muth, BATTLE OF, an im- 

 portant battle fought at Monmouth, N. J., on 

 June 28, 1778, during one of the darkest hours 

 of the Revolutionary War. The American army, 

 commanded by Washington, had suffered dur- 

 ing the preceding winter at Valley Forge, while 

 the British army was in command of Sir Henry 

 Clinton. On June 18, 1778, Clinton's army left 

 Philadelphia and retreated across New Jersey, 

 while Washington with 8,000 men followed in 

 the rear, in order to attack the left wing of the 

 enemy. General Charles Lee, with a force of 

 6,000 troops, was detailed by Washington to as- 

 sail Clinton until his arrival. Lee ordered an 

 attack, but the assault was so mismanaged that 

 his army was thrown into confusion and a re- 

 treat was begun. When Washington arrived he 

 personally took command, rallied the forces and 

 renewed the attack. After the day's battle was 

 over Clinton withdrew his army under cover of 

 night to the heights of Middletown. Though 

 the battle was indecisive, the practical advan- 

 tage lay with the colonial forces. The Ameri- 

 can loss was 362 wounded and killed, and the 

 British loss 416, This battle ended the. war in 

 the middle colonies. 



MONMOUTH, JAMES, Duke of (1649-1685), a 

 pretender to the throne of England, who, to 

 attain his ambition, headed an insurrection 

 which bears his name. He was the natural 

 son of Charles II and was educated in France. 

 On the restoration of the Stuarts, after the 

 death of Richard Cromwell, his father recalled 

 him to England and created him Duke of Mon- 

 mouth. In 1663 he married Anne, daughter of 

 the Earl of Buccleuch, and assumed his wife's 

 name of Scott. He became known as the Prot- 

 estant duke, and the Protestants aimed to place 

 him on the throne instead of the legal heir, 

 James, Duke of York, but they were unsuc- 

 cessful. 



After the discovery of the Rye House Plot 

 (which see), in 1663, he fled to Holland, but 

 when the Duke f York ascended to the throne 

 as James II, he gathered a force in the Nether- 

 lands and resolved to invade England and de- 

 mand the crown. He landed at Lym&, in 1685, 

 and issued a proclamation declaring James to 



be a usurper, tyrant and murderer. Utterly 

 routed at the Battle of Sedgemoor, Monmouth 

 was taken into the presence of his uncle, the 

 king, whom he begged piteously but in vain to 

 spare his life. James ordered him sent to the 

 Tower, and on July 15, 1685, at the age of thirty- 

 six, he was executed. After his death there 

 were no further attempts at insurrection, and 

 his followers paid a fearful price for their loy- 

 alty to him in the punishment meted out by the 

 cruel Judge Jeffreys (see JEFFREYS, GEORGE). 



MONMOUTH, ILL., the county seat of War- 

 ren County and a manufacturing city, situated 

 in the northwestern part of the state. Gales- 

 burg is sixteen miles northeast, Burlington is 

 forty-eight miles southwest and Chicago is 179 

 miles northeast. Transportation is provided by 

 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Minne- 

 apolis & Saint Louis railways, and connection 

 is made with the Santa Fe Route by interur- 

 ban electric lines. Monmouth was settled in 

 1836 and was incorporated in 1852. Locally it 

 is known as the "Maple City." The population 

 increased from 9,128 in 1910 to 10,177 in 1916 

 (Federal estimate). The area is two and one- 

 quarter square miles. 



The country surrounding Monmouth is a good 

 farming region, and there is also coal-mining. 

 Pottery and stoneware rank first in the list of 

 manufactures, one establishment being among 

 the largest of its kind in the United States. 

 Agricultural implements, sewer pipe, drain tile, 

 cotton mittens and cigars are prominent among 

 the other products of the city. A $150,000 Fed- 

 eral building, a courthouse, Monmouth Hos- 

 pital and a $150,000 high school are buildings 

 worthy of note. Besides its public schools, the 

 city has the Warren County Library, containing 

 nearly 40,000 volumes, a business college and 

 Monmouth College (United Presbyterian), es- 

 tablished in 1856. J.H.M.L. 



MONOCOTYLEDON , mon o kot i le ' dun. See 

 COTYLEDON. 



MONOMANIA, monoma'nia, a term de- 

 rived from the Greek words monos, meaning 

 single, and mania, meaning madness, is applied 

 to a form of insanity in which the mind of the 

 patient is deranged on a single subject, or on 

 one idea. It is sometimes called insanity, and 

 often takes the form of belief in annoyance or 

 persecution. The physical condition of the pa- 

 tient is generally normal, and those suffering 

 from a mild form of monomania usually obtain 

 help in a properly-conducted hospital for the 

 insane. One who has become obsessed by a 

 subject so that he can talk about little else, and 



