MULLET 



MULTIPLICATION 



MULLET, mul'et, the name of several spe- 

 cies of fish found in temperate and tropical 

 waters. They feed chiefly on vegetable matter, 

 and are famous for the quality of their flesh. 

 The Romans considered the red mullet a great 

 delicacy ; Pliny states that the sum of $300 was 

 paid for one fish. The striped mullet, which 

 weighs from ten to twelve pounds, is the largest 

 and the best of all the species. Botargo, a 

 preparation from. the roe of the mullet caught 

 in the Mediterranean Sea, is a favorite relish 

 in the south of France and in Italy. The body 

 of the mullet is almost cylindrical. These fish 

 are usually caught in nets. 



MULOCK, mu'lok, DINAH MARIA. See 

 CRAIK, DINAH MARIA MULOCK. 



MULOCK, SIR WILLIAM (1843- ), a Cana- 

 dian jurist and statesman, at one time Post- 

 master-General of the Dominion and after 1905 

 chief justice of the exchequer court for Onta- 

 rio. Through his efforts, while he was Postmas- 

 ter-General, a letter rate of one penny (two 

 cents) an ounce was established in 1898 for the 

 United Kingdom, Canada, Newfoundland, Cape 

 of Good Hope and Natal. This rate was later 

 extended to other parts of the British Domin- 

 ions. While he was Postmaster-General, he in- 

 troduced a law providing for the creation of a 

 Dominion Department of Labor, and from 1900 

 to 1905 he was its first Minister. 



Sir William was bora at Bondhead, Ont. He 

 was graduated from the University of Toronto, 

 of which he was vice-chancellor from 1881 to 

 1900. He began the practice of law in 1868, at 

 Toronto, and was created queen's counsel in 

 1888. In 1882 he was elected to the Dominion 

 House of Commons, of which he remained a 

 member until 1905. On the formation of the 

 Laurier Cabinet in 1896 Sir William joined it 

 as Postmaster-General. He resigned in 1905 to 

 accept the chief justiceship of the Ontario ex- 

 chequer court. All problems affecting agricul- 

 ture, banking and commerce have always inter- 

 ested him, and he is known especially as an 

 advocate of conciliation and arbitration, both 

 in industrial and in international disputes. He 

 was created a Knight Commander of the Order 

 of Saint Michael and Saint George in 1902. 



MULTIGRAPH, mul'tigraj, a device for 

 printing letters and other documents, so that 

 they resemble typewritten copies. The multi- 

 graph consists of a hollow steel cylinder 

 mounted on a horizontal axis and with parallel 

 grooves on the surface for holding the type. The 

 cylinder is divided into two sections, one of 

 which revolves. The grooves in the sections 



are alike. Each groove in the stationary sec- 

 tion contains all the type of the same letter, 

 one groove containing the a's, another the b's 

 and so on, the capitals being in one groove and 

 the small letters in another. The set of type, 

 or font, contains all the letters, figures, space 

 slugs and marks of punctuation necessary to 

 set up matter that will fill one page of letter 

 paper, that is, a sheet eight and one-half by 

 eleven inches. 



The operator sets the type by bringing the 

 groove in the movable section of the cylinder 

 opposite the groove containing the desired let- 

 ter and sliding the type into place. A bedplate, 

 or platen, under the cylinder is so adjusted that 

 it presses the paper against an inked ribbon 

 that covers the type as the cylinder is rotated. 

 The paper is fed to the machine as the cylinder 

 revolves, and with an electric motor for power 

 5,000 or more copies can be printed in an hour. 

 Machines operated by hand turn out about 

 1,500 an hour. 



The multigraph works on the same principle 

 as the printing press, and any number of copies 

 can be printed from it. 



MULTIPLICATION, multi pli ka ' shun, the 

 process of using a number as many times as is , 

 indicated by the number of units in another 

 number. This subject is best approached by 

 studying an example in addition. $6+$6+$6+ v 

 $6=$24. We add as follows: $6 plus $6 is $12; 

 $12 plus $6 is $18; $18 plus $6 is $24. As long 

 as we add in this way, not regarding the 

 equality of the addends, but just recognizing 

 the sum at each addition, and the final sum, 

 we have addition. But as soon as we recog- 

 nize that we are using 6 four times a new ele- 

 ment enters in the abstract number the num- 

 ber of times the .number 6 is used. With this 

 new element comes multiplication. The sign 

 of multiplication is the oblique cross X. It is 

 read times or multiplied by. 



If a child takes a step 2 feet in length, when 

 he has taken 8 such steps he has gone 8X2 ft. 

 or 16 ft. (read 8 times 2 ft., or 16 ft.) or 2 

 ft. X 8 or 16 ft. (read 2 ft. multiplied by 8, or 

 16 ft.). Other examples follow: 



7 in. + 7 in. + 7 in. = 21 in. 

 3X7 in. = 21 in. 



Fig. 1 shows 4 rows, each row containing 7 

 dimes, or 7 rows, each containing 4 dimes. 

 Each horizontal row contains 7 times 1 dime, 



