MURFREE 



4008 



MURILLO 



include those cases where the act was commit- 

 ted with proven malicious intent. The second 

 degree includes cases wherr, though ill will is 

 present, murderous intent is not established be- 

 yond doubt. The third degree includes acci- 

 dental killing by one engaged in a felonious 

 act. The usual punishment for the first degree 

 is death or life imprisonment ; for the second 

 degree, imprisonment for a long term; for the 

 third degree, imprisonment for a period varying 

 from three to five years. 



Murder is ordinarily distinguished from man- 

 slaughter by the presence of malice, especially 

 of malice aforethought. 



Related Subject*. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Capital Punishment Criminology 



Crime Manslaughter 



MURFREE, mur'jre, MARY NOAILLES (1850- 

 ), known in the literary world by the pen 

 name of CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK, was born 

 at Murfreesboro, Tenn. Early deprived of 

 childhood sports because of lameness, she be- 

 came an intense reader of books. During the 

 War of Secession she was taken for safety into 

 the Tennessee mountains, and there the curious 

 primitive characters and simple life aroused her 

 literary talent. In May, 1878, she began her 

 contribution of vivid stories to the Atlantic 

 Monthly; in 1884 came the collection In the 

 Tennessee Mountains, which was followed by 

 Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains, Kee- 

 don Bluffs, Old Fort London and In the 

 "Stranger People's" Country. Her stories con- 

 tain vivid presentations of strange scenes and 

 eccentric characters, while her plots are full of 

 vigorous action. She has made the Southern 

 mountains a field of genuine literary impor- 

 tance in American literature. 



MURFREESBORO, mur' freez bur o, or 

 STONE RIVER, BATTLE OF, a battle that ended 

 the second year of the War of Secession, fought 

 on the Stone River near Murfreesboro, Tenn., 

 on December 31, 1862, and January 2, 1863, be- 

 tween a Federal force of about 41,000 under 

 General Rosecrans, who had succeeded Buell in 

 command, and a Confederate force of about 

 35,000 under General Bragg. On the first day 

 of the battle the Federal forces were driven 

 back; the entire right wing of the army was 

 scattered, and some of the generals thought best 

 to retreat; but Rosecrans announced his inten- 

 tion to "fight, or die here." On January 2, 

 after the two armies had bravely held their 

 ground with varying fortunes for nearly three 

 days, Bragg retreated about thirty miles and 



stood as a barrier against the advance of the 

 Federal troops toward Chattanooga, an impor- 

 tant strategic' point. Kac-h army lost about 

 9,000 killed and wounded. 



MURIATIC , m u rl at ' Ik, ACID . See HYDRO- 

 GEN CHLORIDE. 



MURIL'LO, BAHTOI.OMK KSTKHAN (1617-1682), 

 called the "Painter of Heaven," is one of the 

 greatest of painters. Had he only given to the 

 world his studies of the little sun-browned 

 street urchin and gypsies he would have been 

 famous, but his 

 religious paint- 

 ings far surpass 

 these in beauty 

 and depth of feel- 

 ing. Unconscious 

 of their rags, the 

 little street beg- 

 gars bask in the 

 sun, relishing 

 their macaroni or 

 luscious fruits, or 

 eagerly engaged 

 in tossing coppers MURILLO 



and playing other games the children love; 

 while his monks, saints and Madonnas are 

 famed for their wondrous spirituality. 



The story of Murillo's early life is one of 

 great poverty and suffering. He was born in 

 Seville of humble parents whose struggles for 

 existence were so great that they had little 

 time to devote to their boy, but he was per- 

 fectly happy when allowed to draw upon the 

 pages of his books or the walls of his poor 

 home. Murillo began his life work by painting 

 religious pictures for the fairs of Seville, and 

 later executed commissions for the South 

 American trade. Then he started on a long 

 and tedious walk from Seville to Madrid, ar- 

 riving there exhausted, friendless and penni- 

 less. However, he was blessed with an almost 

 limitless fund of courage and a determination 

 to succeed against all odds. Velasquez, his 

 townsman, became interested in his work, and 

 through his influence a new, wonderful world 

 was revealed to the struggling young artist. 

 Velasquez, at that time painter to the king, 

 offered Murillo a home and gave him permis- 

 sion to work in his studio. But best of all was 

 the privilege of studying and copying the treas- 

 ures of the Royal Galleries. 



Like all the painters of his day, Murillo had 

 once dreamed of going to Italy. But when the 

 opportunity came and Velasquez presented him 

 with letters of introduction to the famous men 



