MUSIC 



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MUSIC 



Mushroom culture is an industry that is 

 rapidly growing in popularity, as it pays well, 

 is not difficult to understand, and can be car- 

 ried on at small expense in cellars, caves or old 

 quarries almost any place where it is possible 

 to maintain a steady temperature. It is not 

 an unusual thing for boys and girls to help in 

 the work of raising regular crops for the mar- 

 ket, and in this way many a college education 

 has been made possible. There are many help- 

 ful books published on mushroom culture 



(see below), and useful handbooks on the sub- 

 ject can be obtained from the United States 

 Department of Agriculture. L.M.B. 



Consult Marshall's The Mushroom Book; Mcll- 

 valne and Macadam's One Thousand American 

 Fungi; Farlow's Edible and Poisonous Mush- 

 rooms; Peck's Mushrooms and Their Uses; Tay- 

 lor's Students' Handbook of Mushrooms of 

 America; United States Department of Agricul- 

 ture Bulletin No. 175, Mushrooms and Other 

 Common Fungi; Hard's Mushrooms, Edible and 

 Otherwise. 



THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC 





USIC. "Music," wrote Carlyle, "is 

 well said to be the speech of angels," and while 

 that cannot pass as a definition, it does serve 

 to emphasize the difference between music and 

 any ordinary succession of sounds. In one 

 sense music consists of any successions or com- 

 binations of sounds which are pleasant to the 

 ear. That is, the "song" of a bird is music, 

 and so are the tones of the Aeolian harp which 

 the wind produces as it sweeps over the tightly- 

 ' hed strings. But in a stricter sense music 

 i art the purest of the fine arts; and care- 

 ful study is necessary for its mastery and its 

 en joy i 



Music among the Arts. Only as it avoids 



telling a story or teaching a lesson can any of 



:me arts riphtly lay claim to that name. 



Poetry may be didactic, that is, it may have as 



;ain purpose the pointing of a moral, true 



and very beautiful, perhaps, but nevertheless a 



moral; a painting or a statue can tell a st< 



music can do neither of these things. And 



since this is true, since it can but appeal to 



ense of beauty and inspire pleasant sensa- 



' ranks as the purest of the arts. 



In another way, too, it differs from all other 



arts save poetry, for all of these make use of 



which can be handled. The archi- 



i dream is embodied in tier after tier of 



i stone; the sculptor's vision is made a 



: thing in marble or bronze; that of the 



ii worked laments. But 



has only tones to deal with. The 

 to be sure, works , his 



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product differs from that of the composer, for 

 when he has clothed his thoughts in the most 

 beautiful words he can choose his poem can be 

 enjoyed by anyone who is able to appreciate 

 it. without the intervention of any other per- 

 son. The composer's work, on the other hand, 

 can be enjoyed only as the symbols which he 

 has set down on paper are translated into sounds. 

 for the most thorough musician cannot claim 

 to derive real pleasure from merely gazing at 

 the printed notes of any masterpiece, however 

 perfect. In a way; this is a disadvantage to the 

 composer. When a painter has finished a great 

 picture, when a sculptor has put the last touch 

 to his gleaming marble, he knows that as long 

 as his masterpiece endures it will remain as he 

 left it, interpreting his ideas. But the com- 

 poser's work may well be distorted, for its per- 

 formance must of necessity be left to others, 

 and those others may be incapable either of 

 grasping his meaning or of conveying it to 

 others. In another way, however, this differ- 

 ence results in a distinct advantage, for while 

 a statue, a painting, a triumphal arch can be in 

 but one place at a time, a piece of music can 

 be multiplied indefinitely, and can be heard in 

 a hundred places at once. 



The Place of Music in Life. "Music/ 1 some- 

 one has said, "is the fourth need of man : food, 

 clothing, shelter then music." At first hearing 

 that may seem beyond the truth. "Nonsense," 

 says the intensely practical man, "I have lived 

 fifty years, have built up a fortune, and I <1 

 suppose I've given six hours to music in all my 



