MUSIC 



4031 



MUSIC 



means that no sharps and flats not used in the 

 corresponding major scale are added. Sing any 

 major scale, using the syllables do, re, mi, fa, 

 sol, la, ti, do; then sing down from lower do 

 to la, and you will have the keynote of the 

 corresponding minor scale. Sing from this la 

 to la above, using the same syllables as in the 

 major scale, la, ti, do, re, mi, ja, sol, la. This 

 is the natural minor scale. 



A Lesson on Harmony. As stated in the early 

 paragraphs of this article, the ancients had no 

 harmony that is, they knew nothing of sound- 

 ing two or more tones together. Even the 

 Mmplest "part" songs with soprano and 

 alto were beyond their experience. But to-day, 

 aftor the elements have been grasped, music 

 concerns itself very largely with harmony. The 



C; G to C; E to G; F to A; F to bB ; D to 

 tF ; G to B; B to E; B to D. 



It is not necessary for the beginner to remem- 

 ber all these intervals in detail, for he will not 

 make use of all of them. The simpler ones, 

 however the ones which contain just the tones 

 in the major scale should have attention. In 

 the syllable scale, do, re, mi, ja, sol, la, ti, do, 

 it is easy to name the common intervals, sim- 

 ply by counting. From do to sol, a fifth ; from 

 do to ti, a seventh ; from mi to sol, a third; and 

 so on. Practice the intervals, taking first the 

 easier ones, the third, the fifth and the octave. 



Chords. Two or more tones sounded at the 

 same time constitute a chord. Thus every part 

 song, no matter whether it has two, three or 

 four parts, is made up of a series of chords. 



piano pupil learns to "play with two hands;" 

 the children in school sing in "part songs;" and 



-oloist sings to an accompaniment which 

 very seldom reproduces just the notes which 

 he is singing. To understand the rudiment 

 harmony it is necessary first of all to know 

 something about intervals. 



Intervals. The difference in pitch between 



any two tones, whether it be but a half-step 



or several steps, is called an interval; and each 



n the octave has its own specific name, 



'lint to the number of degrees it occupies. 



- the step from one of the scale to two is a 

 second; from one to three or from three to fi\ 

 is a third ; from one to five is a fifth, and so on. 



whore sharps and flats are introduced, and 



!. -nutli. ued or shortened by 



a half-stop, each mt.-rval has its name which 



exactly describes it Tin above table gives 



- names in detail 



With this table before you, nam. h follow- 

 me intervals: C to E; C to G; C to A; A to 



I-e- 



The simplest chord for study is the one called 

 a triad, which consists of three tones. These 

 tones, however, must stand in a certain relation 

 to each other. 



Choose any tone in the scale, as F, and to it 

 add its third and fifth, which are A and C. 

 This chord of FAC is a triad, and a similar 

 chord may be formed from any tone in the 

 scale as a starting point, or fundamental, as it 

 is called. Write out the letter names of th> 

 tones, using the whole series twice, thus: C D 

 EFGABCDEFGABC. Now, using 

 each of these tones as a fundamental, write a 

 succession of triads by adding tin- third and 

 tilth. You will liuve CEG, DFA, EGB, FAC, 

 and so on , Wh.-n you have done this draw a 

 staff and represent your triads on it. It will 

 appear as follows: 



