NAMES 



4057 



NANAIMO 



Formerly nails were always described as six- 

 penny, eightpenny, etc., the word penny either 

 referring to their price in medieval England or, 

 more probably, being a corruption of pound. It 

 is now becoming customary to describe nails 

 by their length. The illustration will be valu- 

 able to anyone who has to purchase wire nails 

 and is unfamiliar with the different sizes. 



Nails are sold by the pound or in kegs of 

 one hundred pounds. The price of all large 

 nails is usually the same as that of the four- 

 inch nail, but the smaller nails increase in price 

 as they decrease in size. 



Consult Smith's Treatise on Wire; Its ifonu- 

 facture and Uses. 



NAMES, PERSONAL. A thousand years ago 

 people had less need for names than we now 

 have. There were fewer people in the world, 

 and they moved about less, most of them never 

 going more than a few miles from their birth- 

 place. Besides, there were no newspapers, and 

 n arly every person that a man had heard of 

 he had also seen and could describe. So each 

 boy or girl was given only one name instead 

 of the three which most of us have to-day. 

 If two boys in the same village were named 

 John, one might be known as Peter's son, the 

 other as Jack's son. When they grew up they . 

 could be di.-tinuuished as John the carpenter, 

 and John the shepherd, or, perhaps, John long 

 and John short. If one of them moved to a 

 new home he might be spoken of as John jrom 

 the North, or John the Scot, or John from Sel- 

 kirk. 



All of these names, except the one Christian 

 name, were merely nicknames and might be 

 changed at any time by the whim of friends. 

 the name given a child by its 

 parents had a meaning. So among the He- 

 - Isaac meant the laugher, while Solomon 

 signified prince of peace. All of our own com- 

 mon names for boys and girls were once equally 

 significant. The same custom prevailed among 

 ins, as we see from the name 

 >u//. which means noble wolf, and it was 

 I'uritana, who called thru- 

 daughters Mercy, Patience, Faith, Hope or 

 Charity. All primitive peoples give names that 

 have meaning, such as the familiar Sit I inn Hull 

 and Rain-m-thr-Facr O f the American Indiana. 



Gradually, no one knows just how, it jaecamc 

 customary' for nicknames to pass froi; 

 to son and b< names. Of course tin- 



had been the practice among the land-ownum 

 classes, whose members were known by ti 

 estates. Thus, the German and French names 



von Hindenburg and dc Chateaubriand mean 

 from Hinden Castle and from Briand Castle. 

 Very often, in the days when few could read or 

 write, names became corrupted, and few of us 

 know what was the original name of our family. 

 Thus, Sanderson came from .4/< j. m/rr's son 

 and Mitchell from Michael. Fitzhugh, Pugh 

 (which was once ap-Hugh) and McCue are 

 really the same, for Fitz and ap are Norman 

 and Welsh for son of, while Me means either 

 the son of or from the clan of. The Irish 0', 

 the German -sohn or -son, the Scandinavian 

 -sen or -son, the Russian and Serbian -ovitch, 

 and the Rumanian -escu are all like the English 

 -son, and the names Johnson, Johansson, Han- 

 sen, Ivanovitch and Jonescu are exactly alike in 

 meaning. 



Most people write their given names first and 

 their family names last, but the Chinese reverse 

 this plan. Thus Dr. Sun Y<it ,S< n is properly 

 called Dr. Sun, not Dr. Sen. An Italian working- 

 man called Enrico Carbone, if asked his name, 

 will usually say Carbone Enrico, but this is 

 because he has been so taught in the army or 

 in school, not because of national tradition. 



NAMUR, namur', an important industrial 

 city of Belgium, and capital of the province of 

 Namur, situated on the left banks of the Sam- 

 bre and Meuse rivers, thirty-five miles south- 

 east of Brussels. On its citadel hill, now used 

 as a recreation park, the Aduatici, whom Caesar 

 conquered, are supposed to have had a fortified 

 camp. This historic and picturesque city has 

 been many times a battle ground; three times 

 it was stormed and captured by the 1 

 and once by William III of England, and in 

 August, 1914, after a terrific bombardment of 

 forty-eight hours, damaging it to an extent 

 unknown, it surrendered to the German army 

 (see WAR OF THE NATIONS). It was defended 

 by a circle of nine forts. In times of peace 

 Namur is a prosperous manufacturing and trad- 

 ing center, with iron and brass foundries and 

 noted manufactories of cutlery, machinery, 

 chicory, glass, leather and bronze art products. 

 Iron and coal deposits are found in the vicinity. 

 and trading vessels ply up and down the 

 Meuse. Among the diMimtive features of the 

 place is a beautiful cathedral in Renaissance 



archltrctur. ; thr city i~ JM.'U.I. tOO, of its Eft 

 jralln-y and tin- An h ..logical Museum, uhich 

 contains n valuable cull,, -non of Roman and 

 !Yanki>h antiquities. In 1912 the city had a 



:tion df :>.' 



NANAIMO, n.irii'fMo. a citj in British Co- 

 lumbia, located on the east shore of Van< 



