NASMYTH 



4071 



NASTURTIUM 



scripts, portraits, etc., of the Tennessee His- 

 torical Society. Other prominent institutions 

 of the city include the Galloway Memorial 

 Hospital, Saint Thomas's Hospital, the Ten- 

 nessee Industrial School, the Tennessee Re- 

 formatory for Boys, the Tennessee School for 

 the Blind, the Confederate Soldiers' Home, the 

 state penitentiary, and six miles from the city, 



-rate asylum for the insane. 

 Industries. Nashville is one of the ten chief 

 flour-milling centers and one of the greatest 

 hardwood markets in the United States. Its 

 rank among industrial cities in the state is 

 second; annual value of manufactured goods 

 ds $45,000,000. Flour mill and gristmill 

 products and lumber and woodworking prod- 

 ucts are the principal articles of manufacture. 

 Among other articles manufactured are stoves, 

 tobacco and snuff, cigars, fertilizers, boots and 

 shoes, clothing, pottery and automobiles. In 

 the city are the large publishing houses of 

 various religious organizations. There are im- 

 portant wholesale interests in groceries, dry 

 goods, boots and shoes and drugs, and the city 

 has an extensive trade in cotton, lumber, grain, 

 fruit, vegetables and manufactured goods. 



History. The city was settled in 1870 by a 

 band of pioneers led by James Robertson, and 

 until 17&1. \\hen it was incorporated under its 

 present name, was called Nashborough, in 

 honor of Governor Abner Nash of North Caro- 

 lina. It was constantly harassed by Cherokee 

 and other tribes of Indians during its early 



iry. In 1806 it was chartered as a city; 

 from 1812 to 1815 it was the seat of the state 



lature; and in 1843 became the permanent 

 state capital. In 1862, during the War of Seces- 

 sion, Na?hville, which had been occupied by 

 Confederate troops, was captured by the Fed- 

 eral*, and in 1864 was the scene of one of the 

 severest battles of the war. On March 22, 1916, 

 a great fire caused a property loss of $1,500,000. 

 ^ashville has been the home of many promi- 

 men, among whom are Andrew Jackson, 



*9 K. Polk, General Sam Houston and 



rnas H. Bent on. Th> //. milage, Jackson's 

 old home, is ten miles east of the city. 



mission form of government was adopt. 

 191:; tterworks and street electric-li^ht 



plant are owned by the municipality. M.W. 



lit Historic Towns of the Southern State*, 

 edited by Powell. 



NASMYTH, fta'tmttA, JAMES (1808-1890), 

 who invented the steam -,\ 1 1 win.: 



vwhore associated, was bora in 

 aburgh, Scotland. The invention of 



steam hammer was actually made in 1839, and 

 although claims have been put forward in favor 

 of a hammer found in Schneider's Creuzot 

 works, it is conceded that Nasmyth dest- 

 ine full credit of the invention. The trend of 

 his genius was manifest at an early age, and 

 he soon became proficient in the use of me- 

 chanical tools. 



His genius did not hamper his business ca- 

 reer, his character combining a love of his 

 work and sound business methods. So success- 

 ful was he that in 1856 he retired with an ample 

 fortune. Many improvements in machinery 

 are due to the ingenuity of Nasmyth, while he 

 invented many entirely new appliances, among 

 which were a planing machine, a nut-shaping 

 machine, a steam pile driver and various hy- 

 draulic machines. Nasmyth's principal rec 

 tion and amusement after retiring from business 

 life was the, study of astronomy. He died in 

 London. 



NAST, THOMAS (1840-1902), an American 

 caricaturist who won his greatest triumphs 

 through his political caricatures dating from 

 1871 to 1873, when he was influential in br 

 ing up the notorious Tweed "ring" of New 

 York City. He was the originator of the 

 Tammany tiger," the "Republican elephant" 

 and the "Democratic donkey," political sym- 

 bols that are still current. Nast was born in 

 Bavaria and was brought to America when 

 years of age. At the age of fourteen he was 

 employed as draftsman on Frank Leslie's 

 Illustrated Newspaper, and later made sketches 

 for papers in New York, London and Paris, 

 during the Italian war of liberation. As a 

 member of the staff of IIarp< r '.< H". . 1:1 n. how- 

 ever, he did his best work. In addition to his 

 caricatures, he also did creditable work in oil, 

 notably scenes from the War of Secession. 

 For many years he published Nast's Almanac, 

 illuminating the text of various authors with 

 \vn strong illustrations. 



NASTURTIUM, nas tur'shum, a genus of 

 South American plants, one species of which is 

 a favorite in American gardens. This is tho 

 trailing <>r climbing nasturtium, whoso linnhtly- 

 colored blossoms of varying shades of yellow, 

 orange or red are so effective in flower beds and 

 borders. Some flower gardens arc plantni to 

 dwarf varieties of this species. The nasturtium 

 flower has a very interesting Mniriurr. There 

 are five sepal*, the thru- upper one* being so 

 joined aa to form a long spur uincli ho|.|. 

 nectar. There arc likewise five petals; 

 three lower ones are somewhat away from the 



