NEW BRUNSWICK 



4146 



NEW BRUNSWICK 



original jurisdiction in all matters not assigned 

 by law to the special divorce and admiralty 

 courts. The chief justice and two puisne jus- 

 tices sitting together constitute a court of ap- 

 peal. 



Finance. Nearly one-half of the total in- 

 come of the province comes from the annual 

 subsidy granted by the Dominion government. 

 On the basis of the 1911 census this subsidy 

 amounts to $637,976 a year. Timber licenses 

 are an important source of revenue, and the 

 balance is made up of miscellaneous taxes and 

 fees. 



Education. All public schools in New Bruns- 

 wick are undenominational and free. The 

 schools are under the control of the Board of 

 Education, which is composed of the lieutenant- 

 governor, the members of the executive coun- 

 cil or ministry, the chancellor of the University 

 of New Brunswick and the chief superintendent 

 of education, the last appointed by the lieuten- 

 ant-governor in council. The province grants 

 to each school a sum in proportion to that 

 raised by the school district for the payment 

 of teachers' salaries. The county school fund 

 and local district assessments provide the re- 

 mainder of the revenue needed. 



The provincial normal school (with 400 stu- 

 dents) and the provincial university, both at 

 Fredericton, are open to all persons, irrespec- 

 tive of creed. The University of Mount Allison 

 located at Sackville, under Methodist control, 

 was the first college in Canada to grant admis- 

 sion to women on the same conditions as men. 

 At Memramcook is a Roman Catholic college, 

 which ranks among the best in Canada. 



History. The history of New Brunswick as 

 a separate colony begins in 1784. Previous to 

 that year it was first a part of Acadia and later 

 of Nova Scotia. The earliest settlement within 

 its borders that made by Champlain and De 

 Monts in 1604, at the mouth of the Saint 

 Croix River was soon abandoned, and only 

 traders and adventurers roamed through the 

 wilderness during the French regime. The first 

 English settlement was Maugerville, established 

 in 1762, but the foundation of the province was 

 really laid in 1783, when thousands of United 

 Empire Loyalists emigrated from New England 

 and settled in Canada. So rapidly did the 

 number of immigrants increase that in the next 

 year, 1784, it was organized as a separate col- 

 ony. 



The new colony prospered, and was gradually 

 enlarged by the arrival of immigrants from 

 the British Isles. Although it flourished, New 



Research Questions on 

 New Brunswick 



< \ii Outline Ruitnhlc for !\ew 

 ltniiis\% ick will he found with the 

 article "Provlm-e." > 



How large a proportion of the prov- 

 ince is covered with forests? What 

 effect has this on the animal life? 



How much more are the fish caught 

 by New Brunswick fishermen worth 

 when they are placed on the market 

 than when they are taken from the 

 water? 



How does the salary of the lieuten- 

 ant-governor of New Brunswick com- 

 pare with that of the mayor of Chicago? 



Which has jurisdiction over a hirgi-r 

 population? 



What are the Maritime Provinces? 

 How does New Brunswick compare 

 with the others in area? In popula- 

 tion? 



What effect has the opening up of 

 the great western region had on agri- 

 culture in New Brunswick? 



What proportion of the school teach- 

 ers' salaries do the school districts have 

 to raise? Where does the rest of the 

 money come from? 



Name the water boundaries of the 

 province. The land boundaries. What 

 state in the American Union does this 

 province border upon? 



How does the annual potato crop 

 compare in value with the annual catch 

 of fish? 



Of what other territories did New 

 Brunswick formerly constitute a part? 

 How did the American Revolution aid 

 in the growth of this region? 



How does the density of population 

 per square mile compare with that of 

 Illinois? With that of Ontario? 



How does the most important crop 

 compare in value with the three next 

 most important combined? 



What does the statement that a part 

 of this province "belongs geologically to 

 the Carboniferous Age" tell you about 

 the mineral possibilities? 



How does the annual catch of fish 

 compare with the capital invested in the 

 fishing industry? 



What fuel is named for a county in 

 this province? Describe it. For what 

 was it formerly used? 



What governmental handicap to de- 

 velopment did New Brunswick long 

 contend against? When was a change 

 made? 



How does the railway mileage per 

 one hundred square miles of area com- 

 pare with that of Ontario? Of Alberta? 

 Of Illinois? 



