NEWBURGH 



4148 



NEWBURYPORT 



after 1829 also obtained financial assistance 

 from the British government. In 1828 the col- 

 lege received a royal charter, and for the fol- 

 lowing thirty-one years was known as King's 

 College. It was reorganized in 1859 as the Uni- 

 Mrunswick. It is interesting to 

 note that since 1845 the university has had no 

 religkv any kind except for professors 



of theology. 



NEWBURGH, nu'bcry. X. V.. :i city in Or- 

 ange County, noted for scenic beauty, commer- 

 cial progress and historical associations. It is 

 situated five miles above the Highlands of the 

 Hudson River and on the west bank of that 

 stream, in the southeastern part of the state, 

 ven miles north of New York City, fif- 

 teen miles south of Poughkeepsie and ninety- 

 five miles south of Albany, the state capital. 

 Transportation is provided by water and by the 

 West Shore, the Erie and the Ontario & West- 

 ern railways. The river at this point expands 

 into a bay one and one-fourth miles wide; fer- 

 ries make frequent trips daily to Beacon, on 

 the opposite bank, and steamers ply between 

 Xewburgh and other towns on the river. The 

 population was 27,805 in 1910; the state census 

 of 1915 reported 27,876, and a Federal estimate 

 in 1916, 29,603. The area of the city is nearly 

 four square miles. 



Description. Newburgh is a natural park of 

 unusual beauty, overlooking the Hudson River 

 and the Highlands from an elevation of 300 

 feet. The finest residences and Downing Park 

 occupy the highest sections of the city, from 

 which is obtained a magnificent view of the 

 surrounding country, with the Catskill Moun- 

 tains to the northwest. Orange Lake Park, six 

 miles distant, is a popular year-round resort, 

 being noted for its ice yachting and skating 

 races in winter. The most notable of the city's 

 buildings are the post office, public library, the 

 $110,000 Y. M. C. A. building, the $115,000 Ma- 

 sonic Temple and the Palatine Hotel. Be- 

 sides the public schools, there are Mount Saint 

 Mary's, Saint Patrick's and Newburgh acade- 

 mies. 



Industries and Trade. The total value of the 

 annual output of the city's numerous and varied 

 industrial plants exceeds $11,000,000; the lead- 

 ing product of these is a leatherette which 

 is extensively used in upholstering by rail- 

 roads and automobile manufacturers. The 

 largest lawn-mower plant in the United States 

 is located here and the sugar-making machinery 

 of Newburgh is widely known. In addition to 

 these, there are manufactures varying from 



silks, lace and perfumes to planing-mill prod- 

 ucts, boilers and heavy machinery. The ship- 

 yards are the largest on the Hudson River. 

 Xewburgh has an important trade in agricul- 

 tural and dairy products, the adjacent country 

 being famous for its extensive dairies and for 

 its superior butter. Large quantities of coal, 

 grain and flour are here transferred to barges 

 and coasting vessels. 



History. The first settlement at Newburgh 

 was made in 1709 by Germans from the 

 Rhenish Palatinate, who called it the Palatine 

 Parish by Quassaic. In 1752 the name was 

 changed to the Parish of Newburgh for New- 

 burgh, Scotland, by Scotch who had largely re- 

 placed the Germans. Xewburgh was the head- 

 quarters of the American army (the Hasbrouck 

 Mansion), in 1782 to 1783, and it was here that 

 Washington wrote his famous rebuke to Lewis 

 Nicola, who suggested making him king. Here, 

 too, the American army was formally dis- 

 banded June 23, 1783, and to commemorate the 

 event the state and Federal governments have 

 erected the Tower of Victory on the grounds. 

 The Hasbrouck Mansion is now owned by the 

 state and is used as a historical museum. New- 

 burgh was incorporated as a village in 1800 and 

 received its city charter in 1865. In 1916 the 

 commission form of government was adopted. 



NEWBURYPORT, MASS, a port of entry 

 and one of the three county seats of Essex 

 County, Salem and Lawrence being the other 

 two. It is situated in the extreme northeastern 

 part of the state and on the Merrimac River, 

 about three miles from the Atlantic Ocean. 

 Boston is thirty-five miles southwest by way of 

 the Boston & Maine Railroad. Interurban 

 lines communicate with cities and towns in all 

 directions. Newburyport was a part of New- 

 bury from the time it was settled in 1635 until 

 1764, when it was incorporated as a separate 

 town; in 1851 it was chartered as a city. The 

 population was 14,949 in 1910; in 1916 it was 

 estimated at 15,311. The city has an area of 

 fourteen and one-half square miles. 



Newburyport has a good harbor for large 

 vessels; coasting schooners bring considerable 

 trade to the city, and it is a distributing point 

 for coal. Formerly shipbuilding was an exten- 

 sive and important industry, but since its de- 

 cline attention is chiefly given to the manu- 

 facture of cotton fabrics, shoes, boots, silver- 

 ware, combs, shirts, collars and cuffs. The city 

 has many features of interest, among which are 

 Old South Church, which contains the tomb of 

 George Whitefield, the founder of Calvanistic 



