NEW GUINEA 



4154 



NEW HAMPSHIRE 



NEW GUINEA, yin'i, an island in the Pa- 

 cific Ocean lying eighty miles north of Aus- 

 tralia, from which it is separated by the Torres 

 Strait (see location map, accompanying article 

 AUSTRALIA, page 483). It is the largest island 

 of the Malayan Archipelago and the second 

 largest in the world, ranking next to Green- 

 land (with Australia considered a continent). 

 With a maximum length of 1,490 miles and a 

 maximum width of 430, New Guinea, exclusive 

 of several coast islands belonging to it politi- 

 cally, has an area of 300.274 square mil 

 is therefore nearly as large as North and South 

 Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas combined. At 

 the outbreak of tlu War of the Nations (1914) 

 it belonged to three nations Great Britain, the 

 Netherlands and Germany. 



British New Guinea, which forms the chief 

 part of the territory of Papua, is the southeast- 

 ern part of the island. It has an area of 87,786 

 square miles and an estimated population of 

 252,000. Of the inhabitants, about 250,000 are 

 native Papuans, a branch of the negro race; 

 there are about 1,200 Europeans. Papua is one 

 of the territories of the Australian Com- 

 monwealth (see AUSTRALIA), and includes, 

 besides New Guinea, several adjacent islands. 

 On the main island there are three ports 

 of entry, Port Moresby, Samarai and // s 

 Daru. 



Ivusor-Wilhelmsland, the northeastern sec- 

 tion of the island, became a German protec- 

 torate in 1884. Its area is 70,135 square miles 

 and its estimated population, 531,000. In Octo- 

 ber, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the war, 

 tin* territory was occupied by Australian troops. 

 Dutch New Guinea, with an area of 151,789 

 square miles and a population of 200,000, occu- 

 pies the western portion of the island and is a 

 part of the East Indian outpost province of 

 Ternate (see EAST INDIES, DUTCH). 



Conspicuous among the animals of New 

 (hiinca are the many gayly-colored birds, espe- 

 cially the brilliant birds of paradise (which 

 see). The soil is fertile, and agriculture is re- 

 ceiving considerable attention in the British 

 territory. At the outbreak of the great war 

 over 20,000 acres in that section were planted 

 to cocoanuts, 6,606 acres to rubber, 3,110 to 

 sisal hemp, and smaller areas to coffee, cotton, 

 vanilla, cocoa, tea, tobacco and other tropical 

 plants. Gold is mined here in considerable 

 quantities, and copper fields are beginning to 

 be developed. There is regular steamship serv- 

 ice between Sydney and Port Moresby, and 

 a wireless telegraph station is maintained 

 at the latter port. Schools have been es- 

 tablished under the auspices of Christian 

 missions both in British New Guinea and 

 in Kaiser- Wilhelmsland. 





THE STORY OF 



NEW HAMPSHIR 



ilx 



^1 EW HAMPSHIRE, one of the thir- 

 ^ teen original states of the Ameri- 



can Union, belonging to the New England 

 group. Its rugged granite mountains, the 

 heights of which are nowhere exceeded in 

 Eastern United States except in the Black and 

 Unaka mountains of North Carolina, have 

 given New Hampshire its popular name, THE 

 GRANITE STATE. 



Size and Location. Having an area of 9,341 

 square miles, of which 311 square miles are 

 water surface, New Hampshire is forty-third 



in size among the states. Its area is about 

 quiil to one-third of that of New Brunswick 

 and one-sixth of the state of New York. Cut 

 off from the sea by Maine as far south as 

 Portsmouth Harbor, and by Massachusetts on 

 the southeast, the state has only eighteen miles 

 of seacoast, which is less than that of any of 

 the other Atlantic states. In shape New Hamp- 

 shire resembles a right triangle, with its sloping 

 side on the west following the Connecticut 

 River, which separates it from Vermont. The 

 right angle is broken by Massachusetts. 



