NEW HEBRIDES 



4161 



NEW JERSEY 



its fine shipping facilities by rail, New Haven 

 has become a distributing point for coal, fer- 

 tilizer, cement and lumber, all of which are 

 imported by water. The export trade is carried 

 on principally by way of New York. The oys- 

 ter industry is also important. 



History. The site of New Haven was called 

 Quinnipiac, the Indian word for Long River 

 Place, when a company of Puritans under The- 

 ophilus Eaton settled here in 1638. They 

 changed the name to its present one (for New- 

 n in England), in 1640. It was a part of 

 a separate colony until 1665, when it was united 

 with Connecticut under the charter of 1662. 

 It was one of the capitals of the state (Hart- 

 ford being the other) from 1701 until 1874. In 

 1716 Yale College was removed here from 

 Saybrook, in 1779 the city was captured by the 

 British forces under Try on and Garth, and in 

 1784 it was incorporated as a city. From that 

 time its growth was rapid, and greater impetus 

 was given its development by the opening of 

 steamer communications with New York in 

 1815. New Haven is the burial place of many 

 eminent men, among whom are Noah Webster, 

 Samuel Finley Breese Morse, Lyman Beecher, 

 Ilii Whitney and Roger Sherman. FJ.L. 



Consult Atwater's History of the Colony of 



New II<n 



NEW HEBRIDES, heb'ridcez, a group of 

 islands in the West Pacific Ocean, governed 

 jointly by the British and French. They are 

 included in the Melanesian group, and lie be- 

 tween Australia on the west and the Fiji Islands 



on the east. To the southwest is New Cale- 

 donia (which see), from which the New Hebri- 

 des are separated by a deep channel. The main 

 islands of the group are arranged roughly in the 

 form of a great Y. The largest island is 875 

 square miles in area, and the combined area of 

 the entire chain is 5,100 square miles, a little 

 greater than that of Connecticut. The great 

 bulk of the population of 70,000 consists of 

 natives, who are Melanesians of mixed blood, 

 the prevailing type having black skin, woolly 

 hair, thick lips, sloping forehead and fiat nose. 

 Several British and French trading companies 

 are established on the islands, but the Euro- 

 pean population numbers less than a thousand. 

 With the exception of a few islands which lie 

 on coral reefs, the New Hebrides are all of vol- 

 canic origin, and there are active craters on 

 some of them. The highest elevation, an iso- 

 lated cone on the island of Lopevi, rises over 

 4,700 feet above the sea. In the rich soil of 

 the islands, which are watered by numerous 

 streams, tropical plants grow in abundance, in- 

 cluding the cocoanut, sandalwood, Kauri pine, 

 breadfruit, sago palm, banana, sugar cane, cof- 

 fee, maize, "arrowroot and several kinds of forest 

 fruits. The chief minerals are copper, iron and 

 nickel. Trade is carried on for the most part 

 with Sydney (New South Wales) and Numea 

 (New Caledonia). The seat of government, 

 Port Vila, is on the island of Efat6. The New 

 Hebrides were named by Captain Cook, who 

 visited them in 1774. See map, with article 

 OCEANIA. 



EW JERSEY, jur'ri, a state of the 

 Mn idle Atlantic group, popularly known as the 

 GARDEN STATE, one of tin- thirteen original 

 states of the American Union. Although there 

 are only three states having a smaller area, 

 New Jersey is among the foremost in manufac- 

 The state is not only of industrial 

 importance, but is also one of beautiful scenery, 

 gardens and flowers, and is widely known for 

 ita ocean resorts. It has chosen the sugar- 

 maple tree as its flower emblem. 

 261 



Size and Location. The state is almost sur- 

 rounded by water, as all but forty-right miles 

 of its boundaries are formed by natural water- 

 ways; these are the Delaware River and Dela- 

 ware Bay on the west and south, the Hudson 

 River on the northeast and the Atlantic Ocean 

 on the cast. Having an area of 8.224 square 

 miles, of which 710 square miles are water sur- 

 face, the state is about one-fourth of the sice 

 of Maine and ranks forty-fifth in area among 

 the states of the Union. 



