NEW JERSEY 



4162 



NEW JERSEY 



The People. This small state, however, ranks 

 eleventh in population, its inhabitants number- 

 ing 2,537,167 in 1910. In 1917 the number was 

 ed to be 2,981,105. The density of the 

 population. -:g about 340 per square 



mile, is exceeded in only the District of Co- 

 lumbia, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. 

 Almost one-fourth of the inhabitants are of 

 foreign birth, chiefly German. Italian, Russian 

 and Irish, and the negro population numbers 

 There are many large cities and towns 

 and over three-fourths of the population is 

 urban. The cities with a population of over 

 50,000 are Newark, ranking fifteenth among the 

 ft he United States, Jersey City, the 

 twentieth largest city of the Union, Paterson, 

 Trenton (the capital), Camden, Elizabeth, Ho- 

 boken, Bayonne and Passaic, each of which is 

 >ed under its title (see CITY, page 1393). 



Of the religious bodies, the Roman Catholics 

 are the most numerous, their number exceeding 

 that of all of the Protestant bodies combined. 

 The most prominent of these denominations 

 are the Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Epis- 

 copal and Dutch Reformed churches. In the 

 early history of New Jersey, Calvinism had a 

 large following among the Scotch, Dutch, Eng- 

 lish and French Huguenots, and in the western 

 part of the state the Quakers held sway. After 

 the Revolution the Methodist Church greatly 

 -ed in membership, but with the coming 

 of the Italians, Germans and Irish in the mid- 

 dle of the nineteenth century, the Roman 

 Catholic Church became predominant. 



Education. The present township system of 

 education, established in 1894, is administered 

 by a state board of education, consisting of 

 eight members, the commissioner of education 

 and four assi.-tant commissioners, and by county 

 superintendents. Public schools are supported 

 by the state educational fund, and by state, 

 railroad and loc;il ' 



There is a compulsory education law, and in 

 1914 the total school enrolment was 534,511. 

 The illiteracy of the state averages 5.6 per 

 cent, the greatest part of which is among for- 

 eign-born whites. Industrial and agricultural 

 instruction have been established in both ele- 

 mentary and high schools, a law passed in 

 1913 provides for vocational schools in cities 

 and counties. Such schools have been estab- 

 lished at Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Ba- 

 yonne, Passaic and Atlantic City. Another ad- 

 vanced step in education has been taken by 

 New Jersey in the establishment of separate 

 classes for the education of subnormal pupils. 



Normal schools at Trenton, Montclair and 

 Newark, the Newark Technical School, indus- 

 trial schools at Hoboken and Trenton, an in- 

 dustrial school for the colored at Bordentown 

 and a school for the deaf at Trenton are main- 



OUTLINE MAP OF NEW JERSEY 

 Showing 1 boundaries, principal rivers, chief 

 cities, mineral deposits and the highest point of 

 land in the state. 



tained by the state. Of the many private 

 academies for boys, several are famous; these 

 include Peddie Institute at Hightstown; Law- 

 renceville School at Lawrenceville ; Pennington 

 Seminary in Mercer County; Blair Academy at 

 Blairstown ; Newark Academy at Newark ; 

 Bordentown Military Academy at Bordentown. 

 There are also many private seminaries for girls. 

 The most prominent institutions of higher edu- 

 cation are Princeton University at Princeton, 

 ranking among the greatest American univer- 

 sities; Rutgers College at New Brunswick; 

 Stevens Institute of Technology at Hoboken. 

 There are theological institutions at New 

 Brunswick, Princeton, Madison and Newark. 

 Up to 1916 New Jersey had no college for the 

 higher education of women, but in that year 

 funds were being raised for the establishment 

 of a woman's college at New Brunswick to be 

 affiliated with Rutgers College, and to provide 

 training of the same high grade. 



