NEWMAN 



4170 



NEW MECKLENBURG 



CARDINAL NEWMAN 

 In giving Lead, Kindly 



surrendered. The place of the massacre is 

 marked by Battle Monument. New London 

 became a city in 1784. J.H. 



Consult Caulkins* History of New London. 



NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY (1801-1890), a 

 notable English cardinal of the Roman Catholic 

 Church, one of the foremost figures in the re- 

 ligious life of his time, but best remembered by 

 all the world as the author of the great church 

 hymn, Lead , 

 Kindly Light. 



He was born in 

 London, studied 

 at Trinity Col- 

 lege, Oxford, and 

 in 1822 was 

 elected a fellow 

 of Oriel College. 

 From his child- 

 hood he had been 

 deeply interested 

 in religious mat- 

 ters, and in 1816 LigM - Q th - Christian woria 

 had experienced a he made his name imperish- 

 definite conver- able ' 



sion; and the natural thing was for him to en- 

 ter the ministry of the Church of England. In 

 1824, therefore, he was ordained, becoming cu- 

 rate of Saint Clement's, Oxford. Four years 

 later he was made vicar of Saint Mary's, Ox- 

 ford, and in that position exercised great in- 

 fluence by reason of* his masterly sermons. 

 Originally a supporter of the evangelical, or 

 Low Church, party, he gradually changed his 

 views until, in 1830, he definitely broke with 

 that branch and stood as an acknowledged 

 High Churchman. 



Became a Roman Catholic. In the "Oxford 

 Movement" (which see) he was the recognized 

 leader, about a third of the Tracts for the 

 Times being from his pen; but, meanwhile, he 

 had begun to doubt the position of the Eng- 

 lish Church, and to feel far less hostile toward 

 Roman Catholicism. Convinced finally that the 

 Roman Church was the true one, he resigned in 

 1843 from Saint Mary's, left Oxford, and two 

 years later was admitted into the Roman 

 Catholic Church. In 1846 he went to Rome 

 and was ordained a priest and on his return to 

 England settled near Birmingham, where he es- 

 tablished the Congregation of the Oratory. Most 

 of the rest of his life was spent in Birmingham, 

 though from 1854 to 1858 he was rector to the 

 Catholic University at Dublin. Through all 

 these years he was constantly occupied with 

 literary work, producing his famous Apologia 



pro Vita Sua in 1864 as a result of a con- 

 troversy with Charles Kingsley. His other 

 works include Essay in Aid of a Grammar of 

 Assent and some beautiful verse, of which the 

 Dream of Gerontius ranks highest. His best- 

 known single poem is Lead, Kindly Light, 

 which has been given added popularity by the 

 exquisite music written for it. The words are 

 as follows: 



Lead, kindly light, amid the encircling gloom, 



Lead thou me on ; 

 The night is dark, and I am far from home ; 



Lead thou me on ; 



Keep thou my feet ; I do not ask to see 

 The distant scene ; one step enough for me. 



I was not ever thus, nor prayed that thou 



Shouldst lead me on ; 

 I loved to choose and see my path, but now 



Lead thou me on ; 



I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears, 

 Pride ruled my will : remember not past years. 



So long thy power hath blessed me, sure it still 



Will lead me on 

 O'er moor and fen; o'er crag" and torrent, till 



The night is gone, 



And with the morn those angel faces smile 

 Which I have loved long since, and lost the while. 



Newman was created a cardinal in 1879 by 

 Pope .Leo XIII, but was permitted to live in 

 England. His service to the Roman Catholic 

 Church has been great, for he had dissipated 

 many of the persistent prejudices against it. 

 Men of all faiths admired and reverenced him, 

 and the spiritual quality found in his works, no 

 less than their delightful, elevated style, make 

 them of continued interest to readers who are 

 not especially concerned over the subjects which 

 he discussed. A.MC c. 



Consult Sarolea's Cardinal Newman and ///.s- 

 Influence on Religious Life and Thought; Barry's 

 Newman. 



NEWMARKET, a town in Ontario, in York 

 County, on the Holland River and the Grand 

 Trunk Railway, thirty-four miles northwest of 

 Toronto. It is a commercial center, and also 

 has some manufacturing interests, among its 

 products being flour, lumber, woodenware and 

 canned goods. Population in 1911, 2,996; in 

 1916, estimated, 3,400. 



NEW MECKLENBURG, an island in the 

 Bismarck Archipelago, the second in size of the 

 islands which comprise that group. A part of 

 the German protectorate since 1885, it has 

 been since shortly after the outbreak of the 

 War of the Nations under British control. 

 What will be its fate after the conclusion of 

 peace it is impossible to conjecture. 



