NEW MEXICO 



4176 



NEW MEXICO 



tween the province and the frontier settle- 

 ments, especially with Kaskaskia, 111., and with 

 Franklin and Independence, Mo., and the fa- 

 mous "Santa Fe Trail" was opened for over- 

 land trade. In 1846, during the War with 

 Mexico, United States troops under Kearny 

 occupied Santa Fe, and by the Treaty of 

 Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, the ter- 

 ritory was added to the United States as a part 

 of the Mexican cession. 



As Territory and State. New Mexico was 

 organized as a territory, September 9, 1850, the 

 boundaries including parts of the present states 

 of Arizona and Colorado. The territory was 

 further extended in 1853 by the addition of the 

 Gadsden Purchase. The formation of the Ter- 

 ritory of Arizona in 1863 and the Territory of 

 Colorado in 1867 greatly reduced New Mexico 

 in size. During the War of Secession, the ter- 

 ritory was invaded and occupied for a short 

 time by the "Texas Rangers," troops of the 

 Confederate army. 



New Mexico made several attempts to gain 

 admission to the Union. In 1901 an act of ad- 

 mission passed the House but did not reach a 

 vote in the Senate. In 1906 Congress provided 

 for the admission of Arizona and New Mexico 

 as one state, if approved by a majority in each 

 territory. The Arizona electors disapproved, 

 and New Mexico remained a territory until 

 1912, when it was admitted as the forty-seventh 

 state of the Union. In 1914 three amendments 

 were added to the state constitution, one re- 

 ducing the terms of state and county officers to 

 two years, another allowing such officers to suc- 

 ceed themselves, and a third repealing the 

 clause on taxation and eliminating the state 

 board of equalization. New Mexico's first two 

 governors were Democrats. 



During the Mexican disturbances of 1915 and 

 1916 frequent border raids were made by the 

 Mexicans, and in March, 1916, several Ameri- 

 can civilians and soldiers were killed at Colum- 

 bus, in a raid led by Villa himself. As a result 

 of this massacre, General Funston of the United 

 States army ordered a punitive expedition un- 

 der General Pershing to pursue the troops of 

 Villa. The invasion of Mexico was begun and 

 trouble with Carranza ensued, causing strained 

 relations between Mexico and the United States 

 (see MEXICO, subtitle Government and His- 

 tory}. In the Presidential election of 1916 the 

 state was carried by the Democrats. E.B.P. 



Consult Ladd's The Story of New Mexico; Ban- 

 croft's Arizona and New Mexico. 



Research Questions on 

 New Mexico 



< v.i Outline sir it a Mr for New 

 Mevlco will he found with the article 

 "State." > 



What is a meaof 



Where and what is the Llano Esta- 

 cado? 



What are bolaons, and where are they 

 found? 



What is the loftiest point in the 

 state? Is this higher or lower than 

 the loftiest point in Colorado? Wyo- 

 ming? Montana? Idaho? Nevada? 

 Utah? 



How. many states are larger than 

 New Mexico? 



How many of the smaller states have 

 a larger population? (See UNITED 

 STATES. ) 



How many states the size of the 

 smallest in the United States could be 

 made from New Mexico? 



How does the density of population 

 compare with that of Arizona? With 

 that of Nevada? With that of the 

 country as a whole? 



If the population of Philadelphia and 

 that of New Mexico could be ex- 

 changed, how much more densely would 

 the state be populated than it is at 

 present? 



Of what are most of the houses of 

 the Spanish- Americans made? 



Who are the mestizos f 



How large a proportion of the popu- 

 lation is composed of Indians? 



Describe the interesting architecture 

 of the Pueblo Indians (see PUEBLO). 



What has determined the dominant 

 religion of the state? 



What accounts for the comparatively 

 high percentage of illiteracy? 



What very interesting example of 

 protective coloration of animals is to 

 be found in the southern part of the 

 state? 



What is the "Nile of New Mexico," 

 and why is it so called? 



About how large a proportion of the 

 days are rainy or cloudy in New Mex- 

 ico? 



Why are the nights in this 5 region, so 

 much cooler than the days? 



How does it happen that so many 

 of the rivers in this dry region main- 

 tain their flow throughout the year? 



In what important branch of agri- 

 culture is New Mexico surpassed by 

 only three states? 



What is the railroad mileage to one 

 hundred square miles of area? 



How did this region come into the 

 possession of the United States? 



