NEW MEXICO 



4177 



NEW ORLEANS 



Related Subject*. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes for addi- 

 tional information in connection with the study of 

 New Mexico : 



Albuquerque 

 Las Vegas 

 Raton 



Apache 

 Cliff Dwellers 

 Gadsden Purchase 

 Guadalupe Hidalgo 



CITIES 



Roswell 

 Santa Fe 



HISTORY 



Mexico, subhead 



History 

 Navaho 

 Pueblo 



Cattle 



Coal 



Copper 



Gila 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Hay 



Sheep 



Wool 



PHYSICAL FEATURES 



Rio Grande 

 Rocky Mountains 



NEW MEXICO, UNIVERSITY OF, located at 

 Albuquerque, was established in 1889 by the 

 territorial legislature as the future state uni- 

 versity. The school, when opened in 1892, in- 

 cluded a normal school and preparatory depart- 

 ment. The following year a commercial school 

 was added. Besides these departments the 

 university now consists of a college of letters 

 and arts, a college of science and engineering, a 

 school of commerce, a school of music and art 

 and a summer school. Nearly all of the uni- 

 versity buildings are modified types of Pueblo 

 Indian architecture, giving a pleasing and effec- 

 tive local touch. In connection with the uni- 

 versity is the Hadley Climatological Labora- 

 tory, a school established to investigate the 

 effect of high altitudes and dry climates upon 

 disease. The University is located in a rap- 

 idly-growing, though thinly-settled, section of 

 the state. The university instructors number 



about twenty-five, and the students about 250. 

 The library contains 12,000 volumes. 



NEW ORLEANS, BATTLE OF, a battle of the 

 War of 1812, which would never have occurred 

 had the telegraph and submarine cable been in- 

 vented before it was fought. It took place on 

 January 8, 1815, before word was received in 

 America of the signing of the treaty of peace 

 at Ghent, Belgium, on December 24, 1814, and 

 is the only battle in history which was fought 

 after the declaration of peace. The American 

 forces in the South, consisting of 6,000 men, 

 were commanded by General Andrew Jackson, 

 and upon him fell the duty of defending the 

 city of New Orleans. The army that came di- 

 rectly from Europe to take the city was 12,000 

 strong, and made up of some of the best sol- 

 diers that had defeated Napoleon's armies. Sir 

 Edward Pakenham, commander of the British, 

 began an unsuccessful cannonade of the Ameri- 

 can lines on New Year's Day. A week later he 

 ordered a general assault. 



The American defenses consisted of earth- 

 works and cotton bales, behind which men and 

 cannon were placed, and under the deadly fire 

 which met them the British were driven back 

 completely disheartened. Their loss was about 

 2,500 men and officers, but the American loss 

 was very small. The battle had no effect on 

 the outcome of the war, but indirectly it was 

 of great importance. General Jackson's mili- 

 tary genius and his spirited defense of the city 

 made him the idol of the people and put him 

 before the country as a Presidential candidate, 

 while the battle itself gave the American gov- 

 ernment prestige in Europe. See WAR OF 1812; 

 JACKSON, ANDREW. 



Consult Smith's Battle of New Orleans. 



IEW ORLEANS, awr'l, anz. LA. thr 

 largest city of the Southern states in popula- 

 tion, and, after New York, the greatest port in 

 the Union for foreign and domestic commerce. 



iie county seat of Orleans parish, nml ih. 



ad pariah are coextensive; 



on tho Mississippi River, 110 miles from its 

 entrance into the Gulf of Mexico. Mobile, 

 Ala., is ill imlrs northflMt; Samt Louis, Mo., 

 is 639 miles north, and Chicago is 923 miles 

 northeast. l>y mil. The following railroads meet 

 Illinois Central; Lduisville & Nash- 



