NEW ORLEANS 



4180 



NEWPORT 



fifty steamers from 400 to 500 feet in length. 

 One of the largest floating dry docks in the 

 world has been constructed here by the United 

 States government. New Orleans is the largest 

 market in the Union for cotton, sugar, molasses, 

 coffee, rice, cigars, cigarettes, nitrate and ba- 

 nanas, and these products, with timber, are its 

 leading exports. There are six immense grain 

 elevators along the docks, and each of the 

 staples has its special exchange. The annual 

 value of exports and imports combined is 

 nearly $290,000,000. 



The government has recognized the strategic 

 importance of this port by maintaining a large 

 naval station here, and Jackson Barracks is the 

 headquarters of the United States Coast Ar- 

 tillery. The Federal government also main- 

 tains here an excellent immigration station. 

 As a manufacturing center, the city has the 

 advantage of fine shipping facilities for raw 

 material and for manufactured products; the 

 Belt Railroad, owned by the city, is an impor- 

 tant factor in its development. The leading 

 industries are rice cleaning and sugar refining, 

 one of the largest sugar-refining plants in the 

 world being located here. In addition there 

 are large establishments for roasting coffee, 

 spice mills, plants for making bags, copper, tin, 

 sheet-iron and machine-shop products, boats, 

 shoes and cotton products, printing and pub- 

 lishing houses and distilleries. The oyster and 

 fish industries are also important. A United 

 States mint was established here, but there has 

 been no coinage since 1909. 



History. New Orleans is the oldest settle- 

 ment on the lower Mississippi River and is the 

 oldest city in Louisiana with the exception of 

 Natchitoches (settled in 1714). It was founded 

 in 1718 by Jean Baptiste de Bienville, who 

 named it in honor of the Duke of Orleans, re- 

 gent of France. In 1722 it became the capital 

 of French territory and in 1762 France ceded all 

 of Louisiana to Spain. During the Revolu- 

 tionary period, New Orleans was the headquar- 

 ters of the Spanish forces in North America. 

 In 1788 it suffered heavy loss by fire. In 1803 

 Louisiana was ceded by Spain to France and 

 by France to the United States (see LOUISIANA 

 PURCHASE). The incorporation of the city in 

 1805 was followed by a large increase in Ameri- 

 can population, and great impetus to its growth 

 was given by the arrival of the first steamboat 

 from Pittsburgh in 1812; by 1840 the popula- 

 tion had increased to 102,000. 



New Orleans was the state capital until 1849 

 (when the seat of government was transferred 



to Baton Rouge), and again from 1868 to 1880. 

 During the War of Secession the city suffered 

 severely, but after the reconstruction period 

 its progress was uninterrupted. From 1832 

 until 1906 New Orleans was subject to epi- 

 demics of yellow fever, but in 1878 the United 

 States Marine Hospital Service took charge of 

 the city and the sum of $27,000 was raised to 

 apply a system of killing mosquitoes to stamp 

 out the plague. Water tanks and cisterns were 

 screened and pools and ponds were oiled. The 

 disease was finally conquered in 1906, and the 

 people of the city believe it will never recur 

 again. The rat-proofing campaign of the United 

 States health department in 1914 destroyed 

 many old, unsightly buildings. In 1912 the 

 city adopted the commission form of govern- 

 ment. J.M.G. 



Consult King's New Orleans: The Place and 

 the People ; Gayarr6's History of Louisiana. 



NEW PHILADELPHIA, filadel'fia, OHIO, 

 the county seat of Tuscarawas County, situ- 

 ated in the eastern part of the state, fifty miles 

 northwest of Wheeling and about 100 miles 

 south and east of Cleveland. It is on the 

 Tuscarawas River, near the Ohio Canal, and is 

 served by the Baltimore & Ohio and the Penn- 

 sylvania railroads and by an electric interurban 

 line. The population in 1910 was 8,542; in 1916 

 it was 9,912 (Federal estimate). The area of 

 the city is nearly three square miles. 



The city is in an agricultural and stock-rais- 

 ing country and in the vicinity are deposits of 

 coal and iron ore and clay. The industries in- 

 clude mining, and the manufacture of iron and 

 steel, woolen goods, roofing, tile and sewer 

 pipe, pressed, stamped and enameled goods and 

 vacuum cleaners. 



New Philadelphia has Tuscora Park, contain- 

 ing twenty-five acres, a courthouse, public li- 

 brary, orphans' home, county poor farm and 

 jail, and Union Hospital. The place was set- 

 tled in 1805, incorporated as a village in 1815 

 and became a city in 1896. 



NEWPORT, KY., the county seat of Camp- 

 bell County, a residential suburb of Cincin- 

 nati, Ohio, situated in the extreme northern 

 part of the state, at the junction of the Ohio 

 and Licking rivers. These streams separate it 

 from Cincinnati and from Covington, Ky., with 

 which it is connected by bridges and an electric 

 railroad. Newport is served by the Chesapeake 

 & Ohio and the Louisville & Nashville railways. 

 In 1910 the population was 30,309; by 1916 it 

 had increased to 31,927 according to a Federal 

 estimate. 



