NEWSPAPER 



4184 



NEWSPAPER 



There has been a steady growth in the manu- 

 facturing interests, which are closely associated 

 with the stock-raising and mining industries; 

 the principal establishments include tanneries, 

 woolen factories, soap and tallow works, found- 

 machine shops and clothing factories. 



Communication and Trade. The transporta- 

 tion in the more settled sections is good, and 

 there are many miles of improved roads afford- 

 ing communication with the railroads through- 

 out the state. Most of the railroad mileage, 

 which amounts to over 4,000, and over 200 

 miles of electric car line are owned by the 

 government. 



Sydney is an important commercial port, 

 exporting large quantities of wool, gold bul- 

 lion, hides, skins, meats, wheat, coal and cop- 

 per. 



Government and History. The executive 

 power is -vested in a governor appointed by the 

 Crown, and a responsible ministry. The law- 

 making body is a parliament consisting of a 

 legislative council of not less than twenty-one 

 members appointed for life by the Crown, and 

 a legislative assembly composed of ninety 

 members elected by universal suffrage. Women 

 have the same suffrage rights as men, and have 

 voted since 1902. 



New South Wales was discovered and named 

 in 1770 by Captain Cook. The first settlement 

 in Australia was the penal colony established 

 at Botany Bay in 1788. Convict immigration 

 ceased in 1840, and three years later representa- 

 tive government was established. The rather 

 vague limits of the colony were changed with 

 the erection of Victoria as a separate colony in 

 1850 and the separation of Queensland in 1859. 

 The discovery of gold in 1851 caused a rapid 

 growth in population and prosperity. In 1901 

 the colony was incorporated as one of the six 

 original states in the Australian Common- 

 wealth. See AUSTRALIA. G.G. 



Consult Mills' The Colonization of Australia; 

 Fitchett's Australia in the Making. 



Related Subject*). The following articles in 

 these volumes will be of interest in connection 

 with a study of New South Wales : 



Newcastle 



Cattle 

 Coal 

 Horse 

 Sheep 



Lachlan 

 Murray 



CITIES 

 Sydney 



LEADING PRODUCTS 



Silver 

 Wheat 

 Wool 

 Zinc 



. RIVERS 



Murrumbidgee 



THE STORY OF NEWSPAPERS 



I EWSPAPER , a periodical publication 

 devoted to the circulation of news. The name 

 is now generally applied only to those periodic- 

 als which appear daily, or, at the most, weekly. 

 Many weekly periodicals, however, are grouped 

 with those which are issued at longer intervals 

 as magazines. 



The modern newspaper is a powerful molder 

 of public opinion, and in many ways the man 

 who controls its policy takes the place of the 

 orator of former times. Editors like John 

 Delane of the London Times, Horace Greeley 

 of the New York Tribune, Charles A. Dana of 

 the New York Sun, to name only three out- 

 standing men, exercised an influence which was 



scarcely second to that of the greatest states- 

 men of their day. Through the newspaper the 

 editor reaches thousands of people who would 

 be beyond reach of his voice. 



As a molder of public opinion the modern 

 newspaper deals with every subject from the 

 best way to make bread to the proper way to 

 run the business of a nation. The newspaper 

 has a vast influence on public opinion as re- 

 gards politics, religion and dozens of other 

 problems. Every newspaper, too, has the op- 

 portunity to make itself a force for social bet- 

 terment, for moral uplift, in its community. It 

 need not thereby make itself the organ of a sin- 

 gle movement; it can support the cause of 



