NEWTON 



4191 



NEW WESTMINSTER 



Newton's election to membership in the 

 Royal Society in 1672 showed the esteem in 

 which he was held. In 1669, four years after 

 his graduation, he had been appointed profes- 

 sor of mathematics at Cambridge. After the 

 flight of James II he became a member of the 

 Convention Parliament, holding his seat until 

 tin- assembly was dissolved, in 1690. In 1696 

 he became Warden of the Mint, and three 

 years later was appointed Master of the Mint, 

 continuing in the latter office until his death. 

 He was again elected to Parliament in 1701, 

 this time representing the University of Cam- 

 bridge, and during the last twenty-four years 

 of his life was president of the Royal Society. 

 In 1705 he was knighted by Queen Anne. He 

 died on March 20, 1727, and was buried in 

 Westminster Abbey, where so many of Eng- 

 land's famous sons rest. Newton's greatest 

 work, which established the fundamental laws 

 of modern physics, is the Principia Mathc- 

 matica (Mathematical Principles). 



Consult DeMorgan's Essays on the Life and 

 Work of Newton. 



NEWTON, MASS., a city of Middlesex 

 County, on the Charles River, situated seven 

 miles west of Boston, of which it is a residen- 

 tial suburb. The New York, New Haven & 

 Hartford and the Boston & Albany railroads 

 serve the city, and electric lines connect with 

 adjacent towns. According to the Federal cen- 

 sus, the population in 1910 was 39,806; in 1916 

 is 43,715 (Federal estimate). The city's 

 area is more than seventeen square miles, and 

 within its limits are Newton Center, Newton 

 Lower Falls, Newton Upper Falls, Newtonville, 

 Auburndale, West Newton, Newton Highlands, 

 Chestnut Hill and several other small towns. 

 Newton is one of Boston's most beautiful sub- 

 urbs. More than 300 acres are included in the 

 park reservations, a part of the Charles River 

 Reservation of the Metropolitan Park system 

 being within the city limits. For its size it is 

 one of the wealthiest cities in the United States, 

 and is the residence of a great number of Bos- 

 ton merchants. 



In addition to its public schools, Newton has 

 Mount Ida and Lasell seminaries, two schools 

 for girls; Boston College, which occupies a 

 beautiful site in Chestnut Hill ; Newton Theo- 

 logical Institution, the first Baptist Theological 

 Seminary in America (1825); Allen School for 

 Boys; Saint John's Industrial School (for 

 boys), and a public library with about 62,000 

 volumes. Its most notable buildings are its 

 many handsome churches. Though Newton is 



primarily a residential city it is actively en- 

 gaged in manufacture, the Charles River fur- 

 nishing abundant power for this purpose. It 

 has knitting mills, boot and shoe factories, cur- 

 tain factories, rubber works and a number of 

 lesser manufactories. 



In 1630 the first settlement was made as a 

 part of Cambridge (Newtowne). It was in- 

 corporated as a separate town in 1688 under 

 the name of New Cambridge, which it retained 

 until 1692 ; the city charter was granted in 1873. 

 A part of Boston was annexed in 1875, and 

 there have been several more recent adjust- 

 ments of boundary lines. Features of historical 

 interest are the Eliot Memorial, near the site 

 of Waban's wigwam, where, in October, 1646, 

 John Eliot preached to the Indians; Norum- 

 bega Tower, which marks the spot where the 

 Norsemen were supposed to have landed; and 

 the home of Samuel Francis Smith, composer of 

 America and several missionary hymns. H.M. 



NEW WESTMIN'STER, a city in British 

 Columbia, except Vancouver and Victoria the 

 largest city in the province. It is situated on 

 the north bank of the Fraser River, about six- 

 teen miles from its mouth. It is fourteen miles 

 southeast of Vancouver by rail and about sixty 

 miles directly northeast of Victoria. The city 

 is served by the Canadian Pacific, Canadian 

 Northern and Great Northern railways and the 

 British Columbia Electric line, the last extend- 

 ing from Vancouver to Chilliwack. Population 

 in 1911, 13,199; in 1916, estimated, 20,500. 



New Westminster is well located both for 

 water and for rail transportation. The Fraser 

 River at this point is about a mile wide and is 

 deep enough to accommodate ocean-going ves- 

 sels. Large ships, in fact, may ascend five miles 

 above the city, and smaller ones may go eighty- 

 five miles farther. The harbor is large, and 

 there is ample wharfage on both sides of the 

 river. The city is the only fresh-water port in 

 Western Canada. The railway service, too, is 

 excellent, and is to a large degree responsible 

 for the development of the city. 



While transportation facilities have helped 

 the city to grow, two industries, fishing and 

 lumbering, have made it profitable to provide 

 those facilities. The salmon fisheries of the 

 Fraser River are world famous, and in or near 

 New Westminster are about forty salmon can- 

 neries, probably the greatest aggregation of 

 such plants in the world. New Westminster 

 also has a number of lumber mills, one of 

 which, with a daily capacity of 400,000 board 

 . is said to be the largest in the Dominion. 



