NEW YORK 



4197 



NEW YORK 



Oats, with an acreage of about 1,340,000 

 acres and a production of 54,250,000 bushels a 

 year, ranks first among the cereals. In its 

 acreage of buckwheat, about 280,000 acres, New 

 York ranks first among the states, closely fol- 

 lowed by Pennsylvania. In its acreage in pota- 

 toes, over 355,000 acres, the state also ranks 

 first, closely followed by Michigan. New York 

 also ranks first in the production of vegetables 

 and garden produce, which find a ready market 

 in the numerous cities. The area in vegetables 

 is over 175,500 acres. It is worth noticing that 

 over 35,000 acres are devoted to the growing 

 of cabbages, which represents an area more 

 than three times larger than that in Wisconsin, 

 which ranks next in this respect. 



The soil and climate on the borders of lakes 

 Erie and Ontario and in the region around the 

 Finger Lakes are specially suited for the grow- 

 ing of fruit. Here large quantities of peaches 

 and grapes are raised. As regards the area 

 under vineyards New York is surpassed only 

 by California. Fruit is also raised in large 

 quantities in the Hudson Valley. New York 

 leads all the states of the Union in the pro- 

 duction of apples, which amounted to over 

 25,500,000 bushels in 1915. The state is also a 

 large producer of maple sugar, ranking second 

 after Vermont. Horticulture is greatly de- 

 veloped in New York, the raising of flowers 

 for city markets having become an important 

 industry. 



Besides the state agricultural college attached 

 to Cornell University the state maintains six 

 schools of agriculture. These schools are lo- 

 cated respectively at Cobleskill, Delhi, Far- 

 mi ngdale, Morrissville, and one at Canton in 

 connection with Saint Lawrence University, 

 and another at Alfred in connection with Alfred 

 University. 



Live Stock. With large regions in the state 



well suited by soil and climate for pasturage 



and with numerous large towns where the 



products are sought, it is only natural that the 



raising of live stock and dairy fanning should 



constitute one of the chief occupations. In 



1916 there wrrc 1,539,000 milch cows, a num- 



I - r surpassed only in Wisconsin. A great deal 



of tin- milk is Hold in the neighboring cities, 



but where these are too distant it is carried to 



inerirs and cheese factories where it is 



t'iji.. -I into butter and cheese. New York 



nk among the states as regards 



quantity as well as the quality of these 



I nets. With a production of about 105,- 



500,000 pounds of cheese annually, New York 



is second to Wisconsin, and these two states 

 produce more than three-quarters of the cheese 

 manufactured in the United States. 



Forests. Large tracts in the Adirondacks 

 and to a lesser degree in the Catskills are cov- 

 ered with dense forests. Nearly forty per cent 

 of the whole area of the state is under timber. 

 The chief trees are white pine, spruce and hem- 

 lock, intermingled with hardwoods maple, 

 beech, oak and basswood. Lumbering has been 

 for a long time one of the state's chief indus- 

 tries, and even to-day New York is among the 

 leading states as regards the value of its forest 

 products. The state has adopted the policy of 

 securing the ownership of large tracts of forest, 

 and has established forest reserves both in the 

 Adirondacks and the Catskills; over 1,825,000 

 acres are now in such forest preserves. A large 

 state park has been established in the heart of 

 the Adirondacks and a smaller one in the Cats- 

 kills. The amount of timber cut, of which 

 sixty per cent is soft wood, averages over 450,- 

 000,000 feet board measure a year. Large 

 tracts of woodland are comprised in the farm 

 lots, and forest products to the value of over 

 $10,000,000 are produced yearly on the farms. 



Fisheries. New York possesses rich fishing 

 grounds in its extensive seacoast, and in its 

 numerous lakes and rivers. It is one of the 

 few states that contain fresh- as well as salt- 

 water fisheries. In value of fishery products, 

 about $5,000,000 a year, New York ranks third 

 among the Middle Atlantic states. More than 

 half of this value is represented by oysters. 



Minerals, A great variety of mineral sub- 

 stance is extracted each year from the mines 

 and quarries of New York. The principal me- 

 tallic ore found here is iron ore, of which about 

 1,500,000 tons arc mined annually. This is 

 found in the Adirondacks, and nearly ninety 

 per cent of the output comes from the region 

 around Port Henry, on the southeastern shore 

 of Lake Champlain. The clay deposits are 

 among the most valuable resources of the state. 

 - are found mostly along the banks of the 

 Hudson and in Long Island. The clay is used 

 for making bricks, pottery, terra cotta and 

 porcelain for electrical supplies. Th< Hudson 

 Valley has become the greatest brick making 

 region in the world, on account of its large 

 deposits of clay and the cheap transportation 

 by water to New York City. 



York ranks third among the states of 



the Union in the value of the products of its 



ries, being surpassed only by Pennsylvania 



and Vermont. The chief products are granites, 



