NEW YORK 



4198 



NEW YORK 



limestones, sandstones and marble. The white 

 marble used in many of New York's finest 

 buildings has come from the marble quarries 

 found at Tuckahoe, in Westchester County. 

 Some of the choicest varieties of black marble 

 quarried in the United States have come from 

 an extensive deposit of limestone found near 

 Glens Falls. Cement, which is produced in 

 large quantities, ranks third in value among the 

 mineral products. 



New York is the largest salt-producing state 

 in the Union, closely followed by Michigan; 

 its production is about 10,400,000 barrels a year. 

 Extensive deposits of rock salt beds which vary 

 from a few inches to 150 feet in thickness are 

 found south of Lake Ontario and in the Genesee 

 Valley. The growth of towns like Syracuse and 

 Ithaca was due at the beginning to the work- 

 ing of these extensive salt deposits. The loca- 



tion of large manufactories of chemicals and 

 glass is also due to the abundance of the salt 

 deposits. In the same region occur deposits of 

 gypsum, in the production of which New York 

 ranks first. The state leads in the production 

 of graphite, which is mined around Lake 

 George, and in that of fibrous talc, which is 

 extracted near Talcville, in Saint Lawrence 

 County. It also leads in the production of 

 aluminum and of millstones, and ranks second 

 in the production of feldspar. 



Petroleum is extracted in the southwestern 

 part of the state, the oil fields here being a 

 continuation of the Pennsylvania fields. In the 

 same and adjacent regions is also found natural 

 gas. New York has over forty springs which 

 contain mineral water. The best-known among 

 them are the springs found at Saratoga, which 

 attract a great number of visitors. 



Manufactures and Commerce 



Manufactures. New York is the leading 

 manufacturing state in the Union. It has con- 

 tinuously occupied this position since 1830. Its 

 favorable geographical situation, its own great 

 natural resources, its abundance of water power, 

 its splendid transportation facilities, its com- 

 mercial supremacy and the necessity of sup- 

 plying the needs of a large population are 

 among the chief factors that have contributed 

 to the state's great industrial development. 

 The industry of New York is characterized 

 rather by a great diversity of objects manufac- 

 tured than by an overwhelming superiority in 

 single lines of manufactures. A notable excep- 

 tion is Troy, where over ninety per cent of the 

 shirts and collars made in the United States are 

 manufactured. The same applies to the manu- 

 facture of gloves and mittens, of which three- 

 quarters of the whole output of the country is 

 produced in the state, and about two-thirds of 

 this amount in the neighboring towns of Glov- 

 ersville and Johnstown. 



The value of the products manufactured in 

 the year 1910 was nearly 3,370 million dollars, 

 or over 675 million more than that of Penn- 

 sylvania, the second largest manufacturing state 

 in the Union. The most important industry in 

 the state is the manufacture of men's and 

 women's clothing. More than half of the total 

 value of clothing manufactured in the whole 

 country was produced in New York. New 

 York also leads in the printing and publishing 

 industry, the value of which is thirty per cent 

 of the total production in the United States. 



More newspapers and periodicals are issued 

 here than in any other state. As regards the 

 value of products, this is the second industry 

 in the state. Foundry and machine-shop prod- 

 ucts come next in value, and in this respect 

 New York ranks second among the states. This 

 includes the manufacture of small and delicate 

 machines, like sewing machines, typewriters 

 and similar objects, as well as agricultural ma- 

 chinery and implements. 



New York ranks third among the states of 

 the Union in the value of its manufacture of 

 textiles. This group includes the manufacture 

 of hosiery and knit goods; carpets and rugs; 

 various cotton, woolen, worsted and felt goods; 

 silk and silk goods and other textiles. But 

 there are many branches of the textile industry 

 in which the state ranks first. Slaughtering and 

 meat packing is another important branch of 

 industry in which New York ranks high. In 

 the value of flour and gristmill products, which 

 is one of the oldest industries in the state, it 

 ranks second. The manufacture of malt, dis- 

 tilled and vinous liquors is a very important 

 industry, the state ranking first among the 

 states in the value of its malt liquors. An 

 enumeration of minor manufactures, many of 

 them reaching the status of great industries, 

 would be a huge task. It may be summarized 

 in the statement that this state manufactures 

 in greater or less quantities practically every- 

 thing used by man. 



Transportation. New York far outranks any 

 other state as regards its facilities for water 



