NEW YORK 



4206 



NEW YORK 



East River, on which are located the city in- 

 stitutions of correction and charity; (lovernor's 

 :;d and Ellis Inland, the landing place for 

 immigrants, in Upper Xe\v York Bay; Coney 

 Island, a famous pleasure resort, in the south- 

 ern part of Brooklyn Borough; a number of 

 small i>lands in Jamaica Hay. also a part of 

 Brooklyn, and others of lesser importance in the 

 vicinity of the Bronx. The total area of 

 Greater New York is 327*4 square miles, in- 

 cluding water surface; the land surface is 285 

 square miles. 



Water Boundaries. The Hudson River 

 sweeps majestically down the western side of 

 Manhattan and the Bronx, pouring its water 

 into Upper New York Bay. Between the 

 Bronx and Manhattan is the Harlem River, 

 which is connected with the Hudson by Spuy- 

 ten Duyvil Creek, at the north end of Man- 

 hattan. The Harlem empties into the East 

 River, which flows between Manhattan on the 

 and Queens and Brooklyn on the east, 

 and connects the Upper Bay and Long Island 

 Sound. Between Brooklyn and Richmond bor- 

 oughs is a strait called the Narrows, which 

 connects Upper New York Bay with the Lower 

 Bay, the latter practically a part of the Atlan- 

 tic. The Upper Bay forms one of the finest 

 harbors in the world. It is about six miles 

 long and five miles wide, the longer distance 

 being from north to south, and is nearly fifteen 

 square miles in area. In this bay, near its 

 northern end, is the former Bedloe's Island, 

 now Liberty Island, with its great statue, Lib- 

 erty Enlightening the World. Facing the Nar- 

 rows stands this gigantic goddess a symbol to 

 stir the emotions of the hopeful immigrant who 

 passes in on his way to opportunity (see LIB- 

 ERTY, STATUE OF). The Narrows is about one 

 mile wide at the narrowest point, and is there 

 guarded by forts Hamilton and Wadsworth. 



Manhattan's Streets. New York has three 

 streets whose fame is world-wide Wall Street, 

 symbolizing financial strength; Fifth Avenue, 

 the center of wealth and fashion; Broadway, 

 on which the eyes of the amusement world are 

 focused. Broadway extends the entire length 

 of the island. It begins at Battery Park and 

 nearly bisects the southern two miles, then 

 gradually turns westward and above Central 

 Park runs near to and parallel with the Hud- 

 son River. It skirts several small parks, or 

 squares, in its progress northward, notably City 

 Hall Park, Union Square, at 14th Street ; Madi- 

 son Square, at 23rd Street; Greeley and Herald 

 squares, at 33rd and 34th streets; Times Square, 



at 42nd Street, and Columbus Circle, at 59th 

 the southwest corner of Central 

 Park. Under Broadway for its entire length 

 runs one of the lines of subways, described 

 elsewhere in this article. 



Wall Street has long been the money center 

 of the Western hemisphere. After the United 

 Slates began to supply munitions and food to 

 the allied countries in the War of the Nations 

 the balance of the world's financial strength 

 gradually was acquired, but whether the as- 

 cendancy of New York will be retained only 

 the future can determine. The street begins 

 at Broadway at Trinity Church (see subhead 

 Historic Buildings), well towards the southern 

 end of the island, and extends eastward to East 

 River. The financial district is not limited to 

 Wall Street, but branches out on several cross 

 thoroughfares, notably Nassau and Broad. 



Fifth Avenue begins at historic Washington 

 Square and runs straight northward. The beau- 

 tiful Washington Arch, illustrated herewith, 



WASHINGTON ARCH 



A memorial to commemorate the inauguration 

 of George Washington as President of the United 

 States, in New York City, in 1789. The arch is 

 77 feet high and 62 feet wide, with an archway 

 47 x 30 feet. The cost, $228,000, was met by popu- 

 lar subscription. It was completed in 1893, and 

 stands at the northeast corner of Washington 

 Square, facing Fifth Avenue. 



forms the entrance from the avenue to the 

 square. Fifth Avenue between 34th or 35th 

 Street and Central Park, at 59th Street, is the 

 center of the most exclusive shopping district on 

 the continent and possibly in the world, and 



